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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">grekov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник хирургии имени И.И. Грекова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-4625</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation, FSBEI HE I.P.Pavlov SPbSMU MOH Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/0042-4625-2020-179-6-34-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">grekov-1634</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ОБЩЕЙ И ЧАСТНОЙ ХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMS OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Малоинвазивные технологии хирургического лечения рака почки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Minimally invasive technologies for surgical treatment of kidney cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-8612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракул</surname><given-names>C. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakul</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ракул Сергей Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, зав. урологическим отделением;</p><p>197706, СанктПетербург, г. Сестрорецк, ул. Борисова, д. 9, лит. Б.</p><p>старший преподаватель кафедры факультетской хирургии им. С. П. Фёдорова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rakul Sergey A., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Urology Department</p><p>9, lit. B, Borisova str., Sestroretsk, Saint Petersburg;</p><p>Senior Lecturer of the Department of Faculty Surgery named after S. P. Fedorov</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79119257502@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-1730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромащенко</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashchenko</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ромащенко Павел Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, начальник кафедры факультетской хирургии им. С. П. Фёдорова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel N., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery named after S. P. Fedorov</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Romashchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-0822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздняков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnyakov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поздняков Кирилл Владимирович, врач-уролог урологического отделения</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, г. Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pozdnyakov Kirill V., Urologist of the Urology Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg, Sestroretsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79119257502@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-7660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майстренко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maistrenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майстренко Николай Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии им. С. П. Фёдорова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maistrenko Nikolay A., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery named after S. P. Fedorov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nik.m.47@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-0822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елоев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eloev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елоев Рустам Абисалович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-уролог урологического отделения</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, г. Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eloev Rustam A., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Urologist of the Urology Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg, Sestroretsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79119257502@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская больница № 40 Курортного района»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Hospital № 40 of Kurortny District;&#13;
Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская больница № 40 Курортного района»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Hospital № 40 of Kurortny District</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>179</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракул C.А., Ромащенко П.Н., Поздняков К.В., Майстренко Н.А., Елоев Р.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракул C.А., Ромащенко П.Н., Поздняков К.В., Майстренко Н.А., Елоев Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakul S.A., Romashchenko P.N., Pozdnyakov K.V., Maistrenko N.A., Eloev R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-grekova.ru/jour/article/view/1634">https://www.vestnik-grekova.ru/jour/article/view/1634</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Представить тенденцию развития, возможности и непосредственные результаты современного малоинвазивного хирургического лечения больных раком почки.МЕТОДЫ И МАТЕРИАЛЫ. Изучены результаты хирургического лечения 368 больных раком почки в период с 2012 по 2019 г., которым выполнены резекция почки (РП) у 228 (60,6 %) и радикальная нефрэктомия (РНЭ) – у 148 (39,4 %) пациентов. Опухоли в стадии сТ1а установлены у 148 (39,4 %) больных, сТ1b – у 145 (38,6 %), сT2a – у 58 (15,4 %), сТ2b-cTxn1M1 – у 25 (6,7 %). Операции выполняли открытым (3,7 %), лапароскопическим (50,3 %) и робот-ассистированным (46,0 %) доступами с оценкой непосредственных хирургических и онкологических результатов лечения.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Частота выполнения РП у больных раком почки в стадии сT1a, сТ1b и cТ2а составила 89,9, 57,2 и 20,7 %. При опухолях сТ2b-cTxn1M1 стадии произведена РНЭ. Частота РП при стадиях сТ1а, сТ1b и cT2a постоянно нарастала и в 2019 г. превысила 80 %. Малоинвазивные технологии (МИТ) при РП применяли в 98,3 % случаев, при РНЭ – в 92,2 %. Частота послеоперационных осложнений после РП и РНЭ при сТ1а-, сT1b-, сТ2а-стадиях составила 14,3 и 6,7, 16,9 % и 3,2, 16,7 и 2,2 % соответственно. После РНЭ при опухолях сТ2bc-Txn1M1 осложнения развились у 20,0 % больных. Положительный хирургический край после РП при опухоли сТ1а зафиксирован в 0,7 % случаев, при сT1b – в 2,4 %; при сТ2а и после РНЭ – не выявлен.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Нами показана устойчивая тенденция к превалирующему применению МИТ при лечении больных раком почки, в том числе и при выполнении органосохраняющих операций. Внедрение робот-ассистированной хирургии обеспечивает принципиальное расширение границ применения МИТ. Очевидное увеличение числа послеоперационных осложнений при выполнении РП относительно РНЭ можно считать ожидаемым с учетом роста сложности операций, но их характер не повлиял на исход лечения с учетом обеспечиваемых для пациентов функциональных преимуществ. Развитие и широкое внедрение МИТ в клиническую практику является закономерным и неизбежным путем развития хирургического лечения рака почки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The OBJECTIVE was to analyze the developmental trends, possibilities and outcomes of applying minimally invasive technologies in surgical treatment for kidney cancer.METHODS AnD MATERIALS. The study included 368 surgeries for kidney tumors which were performed from 2012 to 2019. Partial nephrectomy (Pn) was performed in 228 (60.6 %) cases, radical nephrectomy (Rn) – in 148 (39.4 %) cases. Tumors of the stage cT1a detected in 148 (39.4 %), сТ1b – 145 (38.6 %), сT2a – 58 (15.4 %), сТ2b-cTxn1M1 – 25 (6.7 %) patients. Operations were performed using open (3.7 %), laparoscopic (50.3 %), robotic (46.0 %) approaches with assessment of surgical and oncological outcomes of treatment.RESULTS. The incidence rate of Pn in patients with kidney cancer at the stages cT1a, cT1b and cT2a was 89.9, 57.2 and 20.7 %. Rn was performed in all cases of tumor stage сТ2b-cTxn1M1. The frequency of Pn at the stages cT1a, cT1b and cT2a in 2019 exceeded 80 %. Minimally invasive technologies (MIT) for Pn was used in 98.3 %, for Rn – in 92.2 % of cases. The incidence rate of postoperative complications after Pn and Rn at stages сТ1а, сT1b, сТ2а was 14.3and 6.7, 16.9 and 3.2, 16.7 and 2.2 %, respectively. Complications after Rn at tumors of the stage cT2bcTxn1M1 occurred in 20.0 % of patients. Positive surgical margin (PSM) occurred after Pn for tumors of the stage cT1a in 0.7 % of cases; for cT1b – in 2.4 %; for cT2a and after Rn – was not determined.CONCLUSION. Our study demonstrates a steady tendency towards an increase in the number of MIT for kidney tumors, including when performing organ-preserving surgeries. Robot-assisted surgery allows to expand the indications to use a minimally MIT even in the most difficult clinical cases. The frequency of complications after RP compared with Rn is higher because the complexity of the operation increases, and these complications did not affect the outcome of treatment, taking into account the functional advantages provided for patients. The development and widespread introduction of minimally MIT into clinical practice is an evident and inevitable way to develop surgical treatment of kidney cancer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>резекция почки</kwd><kwd>радикальная нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>робот¬ассистированная резекция почки</kwd><kwd>малоинвазивная хирургия</kwd><kwd>осложнения резекции почки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney cancer</kwd><kwd>partial nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>robotic¬assisted partial nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgery</kwd><kwd>complications of partial nephrectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jemal A., Bray F., Centr M. M. et al. Global cancer statistics // C. A. Cancer J. Clin. 2011. Vol. 61, № 2. P. 134. 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