<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">grekov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник хирургии имени И.И. Грекова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-4625</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7370</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation, FSBEI HE I.P.Pavlov SPbSMU MOH Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-5-78-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">grekov-1935</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение различных этиопатогенов в развитии инфекционных осложнений после кардиохирургических вмешательств через стернальный доступ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The value of various etiopathogens in the development of infectious complications after cardiac surgery with sternal access</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-7063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касатов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касатов Анатолий Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой госпитальной хирургии</p><p>614000, г. Пермь, ул. Петропавловская, д. 26.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kasatov Anatolii V., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery</p><p>26, Petropavlovskaia str., Perm, 614000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.kasatov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горовиц</surname><given-names>Э. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorowitz</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горовиц Эдуард Семенович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии</p><p>г. Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorowitz Eduard S., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eduard.gorovitz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е. А. Вагнера» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State Medical University named after Academician E. A. Wagner</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>181</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касатов А.В., Горовиц Э.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касатов А.В., Горовиц Э.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasatov A.V., Gorowitz E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-grekova.ru/jour/article/view/1935">https://www.vestnik-grekova.ru/jour/article/view/1935</self-uri><abstract><p>Обсуждаются данные литературы о роли различных микроорганизмов в этиологии инфекционно-воспалительных осложнений (ИВО) при постстернотомических кардиохирургических вмешательствах. Их возбудителями может быть широкий спектр грамположительных и грамотрицательных микроорганизмов, представителей различных таксонов. Доминируют грамположительные бактерии, в частности бактерии рода Staphylococcus. На долю S. аureus и S. еpidermidis приходится до 60–70 % всех случаев ИВО, причем штаммы S. aureus, как правило, обусловливают более тяжелые клинические формы заболевания (стерномедиастинит). Из грамотрицательных бактерий превалируют представители семейства Enterobacteriaceae и неферментирующие бактерии, среди последних P. aeruginosa, которые обычно вызывают развитие стерномедиастинита. В последние годы в качестве этиопатогенов все чаще выступают антибиотикорезистентные штаммы, метициллинрезистентные стафилококки и грамотрицательные бактерии, продуцирующие бета-лактамазы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature data on the role of various microorganisms in the etiology of infectious and inflammatory complications in poststernotomic cardiac surgery are discussed. Their pathogens can be a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, representatives of various taxa. Gram-positive bacteria dominate, in particular bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. S. aureus and S. epidermidis cause up to 60–70 % of all infectious and inflammatory complications, and S. aureus strains, as a rule, cause more severe clinical forms of the disease (sternomediastinitis). Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting group are the predominant gram-negative bacteria. Among non-fermenting bacteria, P. aeruginosa more often cause the development of sternomediastinitis. In recent years, antibiotic-resistant strains, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria producing betalactamases have increasingly become etiopathogens.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиохирургия</kwd><kwd>инфекционные осложнения</kwd><kwd>этиопатоген</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>infectious complications</kwd><kwd>etiopathogen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хубулава Г. Г., Шихвердиев Н. Н., Фогт П. Р., Марченко С. П., Наумов А. Б., Суворов В. В., Аверкин И. И. Результаты применения методики элиминации стернальной инфекции у кардиохирургических пациентов // Вестн. хир. им. И. И. Грекова. 2015. Т. 174, № 5. С. 57–60. Doi: 10.24884/0042-4625-2015-174-5-57-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khubulava G. G., Shikhverdiev N. N., Vogt P. R., Marchenko S:, Naumov A. B., Suvorov V. V., Averkin I. I. Results of the method of elimination of sternal infection in cardiac patients. // Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery. 2015;174(5):57–60. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.24884/0042-4625-2015-174-5-57-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spindler N., Lehmann S., Steinau H. U., Mohr F. W., Langer S. Complication management after interventions on thoracic organs: deep sternal wound infections // Chirurg. 2015. Vol. 86, № 3. P. 228–33. Doi: 10.1007/s00104-014-2833-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spindler N., Lehmann S., Steinau H. U., Mohr F. W., Langer S. Complication management after interventions on thoracic organs: deep sternal wound infections // Chirurg. 2015;86(3):228–33. Doi: 10.1007/s00104-014-2833-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Redzek A., Mironicki M., Gvozdenovic A., Petrovic M., Cemerlic-Adic N., Ilic A., Velicki L. Predictors for hospital readmission after cardiac surgery // J. Card. Surg. 2015. Vol. 30, № 1. P. 1–6. Doi: 10.1111/jocs.12441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Redzek A., Mironicki M., Gvozdenovic A., Petrovic M., Cemerlic-Adic N., Ilic A., Velicki L. Predictors for hospital readmission after cardiac surgery // J. Card. Surg. 2015;30(1):1–6. Doi: 10.1111/jocs.12441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия Л. А., Ступаков И. Н., Гудкова Р. Г. Успехи и проблемы российской кардиохирургии // Здравоохранение. 2012. № 4. С. 24–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokeria L. A., Stupakov I. N., Gudkova R. G. Success and problems of Russian cardiac surgery // Health. 2012;4:24–33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корымасов Е. А., Пушкин С. Ю., Бенян А. С., Медведчиков-Ардия М. А. Стратегия и тактика хирургического лечения инфекционных осложнений после стернотомии // Раны и раневые инфекции. Журн. им. проф. В. М. Костюченка. 2015. Т. 2, № 4. С. 15–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korymasov E. A., Pushkin S. Yu., Benyan A. S., Medvedchikov-Ardiya M. A. Strategy and tactics of surgical treatment of infectious complications after sternotomy. Wounds and wound infections // Magazine named after prof. V. M. Kostuchenka. 2015;2(4):15–25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порханов В. А., Поляков И. С., Коваленко А. Л., Сирота А. А. Современная тактика лечения послеоперационных стерномедиастинитов с использованием вакуумных повязок // Раны и раневые инфекции: материалы I Международного конгресса. М., 2012. С. 277–278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porchanov V. A., Polyakov I. S., Kovalenko A. L., Sirota A. A. Modern treatment of postoperative sternomastoid with the use of vacuum dressings // Wounds and wound infections: proceedings of the I International Congress. Moscow, ROS. Federation, 2012:277–278. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леднев П. В., Белов Ю. В., Стоногин А. В., Лысенко А. В., Салагаев Г. И. Послеоперационный стерномедиастинит // Хирургия. Журн. им. Н. И. Пирогова. 2018. Т. 4. С. 84–89. Doi: 10.17116/hirurgia2018484-89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lednev P. V., Belov Yu. V., Stonogin A. V., Lysenko A. V., Salagaev G. I. Postoperative sternomediastinitis // Surgery. Log them. N. And. Pirogov. 2018;4:84–89. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.17116/hirurgia2018484-89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vos R. J., Yilmaz A., Sonker U., Kelder J. C., Kloppenburg G. T. Primary closure using Redon drains vs vacuum-assisted closure in post-sternotomy mediastinitis // Eur. J. Cardiothorac Surg. 2012. Vol. 42, № 4. P. 53–57. Doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vos R. J., Yilmaz A., Sonker U., Kelder J. C., Kloppenburg G. T. Primary closure using Redon drains vs vacuum-assisted closure in post-sternotomy mediastinitis // Eur. J. Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;42(4):53–57. Doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meszaros K., Fuehrer U., Grogg S., Sodeck G., Czerny M., Marschall J., Carrel T. Risk Factors for Sternal Wound Infection After Open Heart Operations Vary According to Type of Operation // Ann. Thorac Surg. 2016. Vol. 101. P. 1418–1425. Doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meszaros K., Fuehrer U., Grogg S., Sodeck G., Czerny M., Marschall J., Carrel T. Risk Factors for Sternal Wound Infection After Open Heart Operations Vary According to Type of Operation // Ann. Thorac Surg. 2016;101:1418–1425. Doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия Л. А., Белобородова Н. В. Инфекция в кардиохирургии. М. : Изд-во НЦССХ им. А. Н. Бакулева РАМН, 2007. С. 582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokeria L. A., Beloborodova N. V. Infection in cardiac surgery. Moscow, publishing house of the A. N. Bakulev national research center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2007:582. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Agostine D., Lacatena C., Santacroce L. Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery – pathophysiology, risk factors and prevention // Acta medica Mediterranea. 2015. Vol. 31. P. 1311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Agostine D., Lacatena C., Santacroce L. Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery – pathophysiology, risk factors and prevention // Acta medica Mediterranea. 2015;31:1311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">JrEdmiston E. C., Krepel C. J., Wilson P. J., Grahn B. F., Sadenwasser P. J., Welter D. L., Seabrooki R. C. Innovative strategies for reducing the risk of surgical wound infection // Journal of experimental and clinical urology. 2012. Vol. 3. P. 79–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">JrEdmiston E. C., Krepel C. J., Wilson P. J., Grahn B. F., Sadenwasser P. J., Welter D. L., Seabrooki R. C. Innovative strategies for reducing the risk of surgical wound infection // Journal of experimental and clinical urology. 2012;3:79–88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okonta K. E., Anbarasu M., Jamesraj J., Kurian V. M., Rajan S. Sternal wound infection following open heart surgery: appraisal of incidence, risk factors, changing bacteriologic pattern and treatment outcome // Ind J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011. Vol. 27, № 10. P. 28–32. Doi: 10.1007/s12055-011-0081-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okonta K. E., Anbarasu M., Jamesraj J., Kurian V. M., Rajan S. Sternal wound infection following open heart surgery: appraisal of incidence, risk factors, changing bacteriologic pattern and treatment outcome // Ind J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;27(10):28–32. Doi: 10.1007/s12055-011-0081-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назарчук А. А., Фаустова М. А., Колодий С. А. Микробиологическая характеристика инфекционных осложнений, актуальные аспекты их профилактики и лечения у хирургических пациентов // Новости хирургии. 2019. Т. 27, № 3. С. 318–327. Doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2019.3.318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazarchuk A. A., Faustova M. A., Kolodiy S. A. Мicrobiological characteristics of infectious complications, current aspects of their prevention and treatment in surgical patients // Surgery news. 2019;27(3):318–327. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2019.3.318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kramer A., Pochhammer J., Walger P., Seifert U., Ruhnke M., Harnoss J. C. Erreger spektrum postoperativer Komplikation en in der Viszeralchirurgie // Der Chirurg. 2017. Vol. 88, Issue 5. P. 369–376. Doi: 10.1007/s00104-017-0382-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kramer A., Pochhammer J., Walger P., Seifert U., Ruhnke M., Harnoss J. C. Erreger spektrum postoperativer Komplikation en in der Viszeralchirurgie // Der Chirurg. 2017;88(Issue 5):369–376. Doi: 10.1007/s00104-017-0382-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Граничная Н. В., Зайцева Е. А., Пятко В. Э. Микробиологический мониторинг и антибиотикорезистентность коагулазонегативных стафилококков, выделенных от пациентов кардиохирургического стационара // Здоровье. Медицинская микробиология. Наука. 2017. Т. 1, № 68. С. 24–29. Doi: 10.528/zenodo.345607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granichnaya N. V., Zaitseva E. A., Pyatko V. E. Мicrobiological monitoring and antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from patients of a cardiac hospital // Health. Medical microbiology. The science. 2017;1(68):24–29. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.528/zenodo.345607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбунов В. А., Джорджикия Р. К., Мухарямов М. Н., Вагизов И. И. Тактика ведения постстернотомного медиастинита у кардиохирургических пациентов // Хирургия. 2016. Т. 11, № 2. С. 41–45. Doi: 10.17116/hirurgia201611241-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbunov V. A., Georgikia R. K., Muharyamov M. N., Vagizov I. I. Мanagement tactics of poststernotomic mediastinitis in cardiac patients // Surgery. 2016;11(2):41–45. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.17116/hirurgia201611241-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильина В. Н., Субботовская А. И., Князькова Л. Г., Козырева В. С., Скачкова Т. С., Шипулина О. Ю., Сергеевичев Д. С., Субботовский А. П. Применение молекулярно-биологических методов исследования для диагностики инфекций области хирургического вмешательства, вызванного бактериями рода Staphylococcus // Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия. 2011. № 4. С. 45–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilina V. N., Subbotovskaya A. I., Knyazkova L. G., Kozyreva V. S., Skachkova T. S., Shipulina O. Yu., Sergeevichev D. S., Subbotovsky A. P. Аpplication of molecular biological research methods for the diagnosis of infections of the surgical intervention area caused by staphylococcus bacteria // Circulatory pathology and cardiac surgery. 2011;4:45–48. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan S. M. Sternal wound tuberculosis following cardiac operations: a review Brazillian // Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2015. Vol. 30, № 4. P. 489–493. Doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20140102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan S. M. Sternal wound tuberculosis following cardiac operations: a review Brazillian // Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2015;30(4):489–493. Doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20140102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemaignen A., Birgand G., Ghodhbane W. et al. Sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery: incidence and risk factors according to clinical presentation // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015. Vol. 21, № 7. P. 674.e11–8. Doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemaignen A., Birgand G., Ghodhbane W. et al. Sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery: incidence and risk factors according to clinical presentation // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(7):674.e11–8. Doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Upton A., Roberts S. A., Milson P., Morris A. J. Staphylococcal post-sternotomy mediastinitis: five year audit // ANZ J. Surgery. 2005. Vol. 75, № 4. P. 198–203. Doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2005.03371.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Upton A., Roberts S. A., Milson P., Morris A. J. Staphylococcal post-sternotomy mediastinitis: five year audit // ANZ J. Surgery. 2005;75(4):198–203. Doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2005.03371.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrier M., Marchand R., Auger P. et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a cardiac surgical unit // J. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002. Vol. 123, № 1. P. 40–44. Doi: 10.1067/mtc.2002.118505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrier M., Marchand R., Auger P. et al. Methicillin-resistant Sta phylococcus aureus infection in a cardiac surgical unit // J. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123(1):40–44. Doi: 10.1067/mtc.2002.118505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh E. E., Greene L., Kirshner R. Sustained reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus wound infections after cardiothoracic surgery // Arch Intern Med. 2011. Vol. 171, № 1. P. 68–73. Doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh E. E., Greene L., Kirshner R. Sustained reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus wound infections after cardiothoracic surgery // Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(1):68–73. Doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов Д. А. Послеоперационные инфекционные осложнения в кардиохирургии // Анналы хирургии. 2013. № 5. С. 15–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov D. A. Postoperative infectious complications in cardiac surgery // Annals of Surgery. 2013;5:15–21. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardlund B., Bitkover C. Y., Vaage J. Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery – microbiology and pathogenesis // Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002. Vol. 21, № 5. P. 825–830. Doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00084-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gardlund B., Bitkover C. Y., Vaage J. Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery – microbiology and pathogenesis // Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21(5):825–830. Doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00084-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьменков А. Ю., Азовская О. В. Активность карбапенемов в отношении грамотрицательных нозокомиальных хирургических инфекций // Инфекции в хирургии. 2017. № 1. С. 34–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmenkov A. Yu., Azovskaya O. V. Activity of carbapenems in relation to gram-negative nosocomial surgical infections // Infections in surgery. 2017;1:34–40. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Епифанова Н. Ю., Кулабухов В. В., Чжао А. В. Принципы подхода к антибиотикопрофилактике в хирургии в современных условиях // Высокотехнологическая медицина. 2016. Т. 3, № 1. С. 26–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epifanova N. Yu., Kulabukhov V. V., Zhao A.V. Principles of approach to antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery in modern conditions // High-tech medicine. 2016;3(1):26–39. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вачев А. Н., Корытцев В. К., Адыширин-Заде Э. Э., Гладышев В. В., Калимуллин Х. А. Дифференцированный подход при лечении больных со стерномедиастинитом после кардиохирургических операций // Вестн. хир. им. И. И. Грекова. 2018. Т. 177, № 2. С. 60–63. Doi: 10.24884/0042-4625-2018-177-2-60-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vachev A. N., Koryttsev V. K., adyshirin-Zadeh E. E., Gladyshev V. V., Kali mullin H. A. Differentiated approach in the treatment of patients with ster nomediastinitis after cardiac surgery // Grekov’s Bulletin of surgery. 2018; 177(2):60–63. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.24884/0042-4625-2018-177-2-60-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long C. B., Shah S. S., Lautenbach E. et al. Postoperative mediastinitis in children: epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors for Gramnegative pathogens // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2005. Vol. 24, № 4. P. 315–319. Doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000157205.31624.ed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long C. B., Shah S. S., Lautenbach E. et al. Postoperative mediastinitis in children: epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors for Gramnegative pathogens // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2005;24(4):315–319. Doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000157205.31624.ed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardlund B., Bitkover C. Y., Vaage J. Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery – microbiology and pathogenesis // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002. Vol. 21, № 5. P. 825–830. Doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000157205.31624.ed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gardlund B., Bitkover C. Y., Vaage J. Postoperative mediastinitis in cardiac surgery – microbiology and pathogenesis // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002;21(5):825–830. Doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00084-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haumoda K., Oezkur M., Sinha B. et al. Different duration strategies of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an observational study // J. Cardiothorac Surg. 2015. Vol. 26, № 10. P. 25. Doi: 10.1186/s13019-015-0225-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haumoda K., Oezkur M., Sinha B. et al. Different duration strategies of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an observational study // J. Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;26(10):25. Doi: 10.1186/s13019-015-0225-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гельфанд Б. Р., Белоцерковский Б. З., Милюкова И. А., Гельфанд Е. Б. Эпидемиология и нозологическая структура нозокомиальных инфекций в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии многопрофильного стационара // Инфекции в хирургии. 2014;12(4):24–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelfand B. R., Belotserkovsky B. Z., Milyukova I. A., Gelfand E. B. Epidemiology and nosological structure of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit of a multidisciplinary hospital // Infections in surgery. 2014;12(4):24–36. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляпников С. А., Насер Н. Р., Федорова В. В., Попенко Л. Н. Динамика антибиотикорезистентности актуальных для отделений интенсивной терапии и реанимации возбудителей инфекционно-воспалительных осложнений и заболеваний // Инфекции в хирургии. 2013. № 1. С. 11–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyapnikov S. A., Naser N. R., Fedorova V. V., Popenko L. N. Dynamics of antibiotic resistance of pathogens of infectious and inflammatory complications and diseases relevant for intensive care units // Infections in surgery. 2013;1:11–16. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ottino G., De Paulus R., Pansini S. et al. Maior sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors in 2,579 consecutive operative procedure // Ann Thorac. Surg. 1987. Vol. 44, № 2. P. 173–179. Doi: 10/1016/s0003-4975(10)62035-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ottino G., De Paulus R., Pansini S. et al. Maior sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors in 2,579 consecutive operative procedure // Ann Thorac. Surg. 1987;44(2):173–179. Doi: 10/1016/s0003-4975(10)62035-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова М. В. Характеристика биологических свойств нозокомиальных штаммов Pseudomonas aeruginosa // Пермский мед. журн. 2014. Т. 31, № 3. С. 59–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova M. V. Characterization of biological properties of nosocomial Рseudomonas aeruginosa strains // Permskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2014;31(3):59–64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohlenberg A., Weitzel-Kage D., Van der Linden P. et al. Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a surgical intensive care unit // J. Hosp. Infect. 2010. Vol. 74, № 4. P. 350–357. Doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.10.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohlenberg A., Weitzel-Kage D., Van der Linden P. et al. Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a surgical intensive care unit // J. Hosp. Infect. 2010;74(4):350–357. Doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.10.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heilmann C., Stahl R., Schneider C. et al. Wound complications after median sternotomy: a single-centre study // Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracis Surgery. 2013. Vol. 16, № 5. P. 643–648. Doi: 10/1093/icvts/ivs554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heilmann C., Stahl R., Schneider C. et al. Wound complications after median sternotomy: a single-centre study // Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracis Surgery. 2013;16(5):643–648. Doi: 10/1093/icvts/ivs554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osada H., Nakajima H., Morishima M., Su T. Candidal mediastinitis successfully treated using vacuum-assisted closure following open-heart surgery // Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012. Vol. 14, № 6. P. 872–874. Doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivs084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osada H., Nakajima H., Morishima M., Su T. Candidal mediastinitis successfully treated using vacuum-assisted closure following open-heart surgery // Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;14(6):872–874. Doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivs084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
