grekovВестник хирургии имени И.И. ГрековаGrekov's Bulletin of Surgery0042-46252686-7370Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation, FSBEI HE I.P.Pavlov SPbSMU MOH Russia10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-5-83-88grekov-2055Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременные подходы к ранней диагностике колоректального ракаModern approaches to early diagnosis of CRChttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-1687КиселеваЕ. В.KiselevaE. V.

Киселева Елена Владимировна, врач-хирург хирургического отделения № 4 (неотложной хирургии) НИИ хирургии и неотложной медицины

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.

Kiseleva Elena V., Surgeon of Surgical Department № 4 (Emergency Surgery), Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine

6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022

cc221@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-5499НефедьевФ. С.NefedevF. S.

Нефедьев Фёдор Сергеевич, врач-хирург хирургического отделения № 4 (неотложной хирургии) НИИ хирургии и неотложной медицины

Санкт-Петербург

Nefedev Fedor S., Surgeon of Surgical Department № 4 (Emergency Surgery), Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine

Saint Petersburg

nefedev@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8514-5377ЗахаренкоА. А.ZaharenkoA. A.

Захаренко Александр Анатольевич, доцент, зав. кафедрой онкологии ФПО

Санкт-Петербург

Zaharenko Aleksandr A., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Oncology of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education

Saint Petersburg

9516183@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-4369ЗарайскийМ. И.ZaraiskiM. I.

Зарайский Михаил Игоревич, профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики с курсом молекулярной медицины

Санкт-Петербург

Zaraiski Mikhail I., Professor of the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics with a Course of Molecular Medicine

Saint Petersburg

mzaraiski@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPavlov UniversityRussian Federation20222806202218158388Copyright © Киселева Е.В., Нефедьев Ф.С., Захаренко А.А., Зарайский М.И., 20232023Киселева Е.В., Нефедьев Ф.С., Захаренко А.А., Зарайский М.И.Kiseleva E.V., Nefedev F.S., Zaharenko A.A., Zaraiski M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik-grekova.ru/jour/article/view/2055

Скрининг позволяет выявлять не только опухоли на ранних стадиях, но и предраковые заболевания. В течение последних десятилетий благодаря внедрению и реализации во многих западных странах программ скрининга отмечается постепенное снижение показателей заболеваемости и смертности. Для выявления и профилактики колоректального рака (КРР) было разработано несколько скрининговых тестов, значительно различающихся между собой как технологией проведения, стоимостью, так и объектом исследования. В настоящее время для выявления КРР в основном используется тест на выявление скрытой крови в стуле и фиброколоноскопия. Однако поиск новых неинвазивных и надежных маркеров, обладающих высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью и подходящих для ранней диагностики, остается актуальной задачей. Благодаря способности микроРНК присутствовать за пределами образований в различных биологических жидкостях организма и определяться при помощи полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) выявление микроРНК показало значительные перспективы в диагностике и прогнозировании КРР.

Screening allows detecting not only tumors in the early stages, but also precancerous diseases. Over the past decades, due to the introduction and implementation of screening programs in many Western countries, there has been a gradual decrease in morbidity and mortality. Several screening tests have been developed to detect and prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). These tests differ in technology, cost and object of study. At present, the stool occult blood test and fibrocolonoscopy are mainly used to detect CRC. However, the search for new non-invasive and reliable markers with high sensitivity and specificity and suitable for the early diagnosis of CRC remains an urgent task. Due to the ability of microRNAs to be present outside the formations in various biological fluids of the body and to be determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the detection of microRNAs has shown significant promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.