PERIOPERATIVE CHANGES OF MICROBIOCENOSIS IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER (review of literature)

Perioperative changes in microbiocenosis in patients with oncological diseases is the widely researched theme in colorectal surgery. In particular, the role of the colon microbiome in the development of purulent-inflammatory postoperative complications and possible significance in cancer disease recurrence have been actively investigated. Data on the colon microbiome tends to be divided on several groups. Part of the considered articles was focused on the condition of the colon microbiome during the perioperative period and its effect on the postoperative complications, in particular on the anastomotic leakage and the development of colitis in the postoperative period in dysbiosis statement. On the other hand, microbiome was evaluated to be a treatment option by the several studies. The effect of antibiotic therapy on the development of Clostridium Difficile infection was investigated as well. The most relevant and up-to-date scientific researches on the microbiocenosis in patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed. The collected data can be used successfully for practical medical using in Russia.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.

1. Anthony T., Murray B. W., Sum-Ping J. T. et al. Evaluating an evidence – based bundle for preventing surgical site infection. Arch surgery. 2011;146(3):263–269.

2. Dornfeld M., Lovely J. K., Huebner M. et al. Surgical site infection prevention and treatment of surgical site infection. Dis. of the colon & rectum. 2008;60(9):971–978.

3. Lassen K., Soop M., Nygren J. et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) group recommendations. Archive of surgery. 2009;144(10):963–969.

4. James A. L., Scott A. J., Pouncey A. L. et al. Colorectal carcinogenesis: an archetype of gut microbiota-host interaction. Ecancer. 2018;12:865.

5. Jing C., Zhu H., Liu D. et al. A pilot study: changes of gut microbiota in post-surgery colorectal cancer patients. Frontiers in microbiology. 2018;9:e2777.

6. Sze M. A., Baxter N. T., Ruffin M. T. et al. Schloss normalization of the microbiota in patients after treatment for colonic lesions. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):150.

7. Scanlan P. D., Shanahan F., Clune Y. et al. Culture-independent analysis of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer and polyposis. Environmental microbiology. 2008;10(3):789–798.

8. Wu N., Yang X. Zhang R. et al. Dysbiosis signature of fecal microbiota in colorectal cancer patients. Microb Ecol. 2013;66(2):462–470.

9. Ye J., Liu Y., Zhao L. et al. Gut microbiota in patients after surgical treatment for colorectal cancer. Environmental microbiology. 2018;21(2):772–783.

10. Abazar A., Asemani D., Teymourpour P. et al. Detection of colorectal carcinoma based on microbiota analysis using generalized regression neural networks and nonlinear feature selection. IEEE/ACM Transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics. 2018:99.

11. Ding C., Tang W., Fan X. et al. Intestinal microbiota: a novel perspective in colorectal cancer biotherapeutics. Onco targets ther. 2018;11:4797–4810.

12. Bachmann R., Leonard D., Delzenne N. et al. Novel insight into the role of microbiota in colorectal surgery. Gut. 2017;66(4):739–749.

13. Mathilde B., Buc E., Sauvanet P. et al. Colonization of the human Gut by E. coli and Сolorectal Сancer Risk. Clin cancer res. 2014;20(4):859–867.

14. Kwong T. N. Y., Wang X., Nakatsu G. et al. Association between bacteremia from specific microbes and subsequent diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2018;155:383–390.

15. Ohigashi S., Sudo K., Kobayashi D. et al. Changes of the Intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and fecal pH in patients with colorectal Cancer. Dig dis Sci. 2013;58(6):1717–1726.

16. Lu Y., Chen J., Zheng J. et al. Mucosal adherent bacterial dysbiosis in patients with colorectal adenomas. Scientific reports. 2016;6:e26337.

17. Bucher P., Gervaz P., Soravia C. et al. Randomized clinical trial of mechanical bowel preparation versus no preparation before elective left-sided colorectal surgery. British J. of surgery. 2005;92:409–414.

18. Pittet O., Nocito A., Balke H. et al. Rectal enema is an alternative to full mechanical bowel preparation for primary rectal cancer surgery. The association of coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. 2015;17: 1007–1010.

19. Kiran R. P., Murray A. C., Chiuzan C. et al. Combined preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics significantly reduces surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, and ileus after colorectal surgery. Annals of surgery. 2015;262(3):416–425.

20. Ianiro G., Tilg H., Gasbarrini A. et al. Antibiotics as deep modulators of gut microbiota: between good and evil. Gut. 2016;65:1906–1915.

21. Cannon J. A., Altom L. K., Deierhoi R. J. et al. Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce surgical site infection following elective colorectal resections. Diseases of the colon & rectum. 2012;55(11):1160–1166.

22. Oshima T., Takesue Y., Ikeuchi H. et al. Preoperative oral antibiotics and intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis reduce the incidence of surgical site infections in patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing IPAA. Diseases of the colon & rectum. 2013;56(10): 1149–1155.

23. Kim E. K., Sheetz K. H., Bonn J. et al. A statewide colectomy experience the role of full bowel preparation in preventing surgical site infection. Annals of surgery. 2014;259(2):310–314.

24. Krapohl G. L., Morris A. M., Cai S. et al. Preoperative risk factors for postoperative Clostridium difficile infection in colectomy patients. The American J. of surgery. 2013;205:343–348.

25. Slimings C., Riley T. V. Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: update of systematic review and meta-analysis. J. of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2014;69(4):881–891.

26. Rashid M. U., Zaura E., Buijs M. J. et al. Determining the long-term effect of antibiotic administration on the human normal intestinal microbiota using culture and pyrosequencing methods // Clin infect disease. 2015. Vol. 60 (2). P. 77–84.

27. Dornfeld M., Lovely J. K., Pharm. D. et al. Surgical site infection in colorectal surgery: a study in antibiotic duration. Dis. of the colon & rectum. 2017;60(9):971–978.

28. Lin C., Cai X., Zhang J. et al. Role of gut microbiota in the development and treatment of colorectal cancer. Digestion. 2018;10:1–7.

29. Liu Z., Qin H., Yang Z. et al. Randomised clinical trial: the effects of perioperative probiotic treatment on barrier function and post-operative infectious complications in colorectal cancer surgery – a double-blind study. Aliment pharmacol ther. 2011;33:50–63.

30. Goldenberg J. Z., Yap C., Lytvyn L. et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane database syst rev. 2017;12:e6095.

31. Polakowski C. B., Kato M., Preti V. B. et al. Impact of the preoperative use of synbiotics in colorectal cancer patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition. 2019;58:40–46.

32. Bello Gonzalez T. D. J., Pham P., Top J. et al. Characterization of Enterococcus isolates colonizing the intestinal tract of intensive care unit patients receiving selective digestive decontamination. Frontiers in microbiology. 2017;28(8):1596.

33. Buelow E., González T., Fuentes S. et al. Comparative gut microbiota and resistome profiling of intensive care patients receiving selective digestive tract decontamination and healthy subjects. Microbiome. 2017;5:88.

34. Jared C. W., Kubal C. A., Fridell J. A. et al. Posttransplant complications in adult recipients of intestine grafts without bowel decontamination. J. of surgical research. 2018;225:125–130.

35. Young H., Knepper B., Moore E. et al. Surgical site infection after colon surgery: National healthcare safety network risk factors and modeled rates compared with published risk factors and rates. Colon Surgical Site Infections. 2012;214(5):852–859.

36. Magill S. S., Edwards J. R., Bamberg W. et al. Multistate point – prevalence survey of health care – associated infections. N Engl J med. 2014;370(13):1198–1208.

37. Konishi T., Watanabe T., Morikane K. et al. Prospective surveillance effectively reduced rates of surgical site infection associated with elective colorectal surgery at a university hospital in Japan. Infection control and hospital epidemiology. 2006;27(5):526–528.

38. Donald F. E. The prevention of surgical site infection in elective colon surgery. Scientifica (Cairo). 2013:e896297.

39. Robert C., Dankbar E., Lovely J. et al. Colorectal surgery surgical site infection reduction program: a national surgical quality improvement programe driven multidisciplinary single-institution experience. J. of the American college of surgeons. 2013;216:23–33.

40. Migaly J., Bafford A. C., Todd D. et al. The American society of colon and rectal surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the use of bowel preparation in elective colon and rectal surgery. Diseases of the colon & rectum. 2019;62(1):3–8.

41. Keenan J. E., Speicher P. J., Thacker J. K. et al. The preventive surgical site infection bundle in colorectal surgery an effective approach to surgical site infection reduction and health care cost savings. JAMA Surgery. 2014;149(10):1045–1052.

42. Gaines S., Shao C., Hyman N. et al. Gut microbiome influences on anastomotic leak and recurrence rates following colorectal cancer surgery. Br J Surg. 2018;105(2):131–141.