Предикторы и классификации степени тяжести острого панкреатита

Тяжелая форма острого панреатита, относится к опасным для жизни заболеваниям с показателями смертности около 15%. При развитии инфицированного некротизирующего панкреатита, осложненного развитием органной недостаточности, летальность составляет 35,2%. В связи с тем, что острый панкреатит является очень изменчивым патологическим процессом, приводящим к широкому спектру клинических исходов, прогнозирование тяжести заболевания и раннее выявление пациентов с риском развития тяжелых осложнений имеет решающее значение для оптимизации результатов лечения этого заболевания. В настоящее время нет однозначно точных и практически доступных лабораторных тестов для прогнозирования степени тяжести пациентов с острым панкреатитом. В обзоре представлены данные литературы о терминологии и классификациях тяжести острого панкреатита с учетом возможностей их практического применения. Подробно изложена информация о клинических шкальных системах оценки тяжести острого панкреатита с оценкой их эффективности прогнозирования различных исходов лечения. Представлены характеристики и возможности различных лабораторных маркеров в оценке органной недостаточности и диагностике системных осложнений острого панкреатита. По мнению ведущих специалистов, для наилучшей оценки тяжести острого панкреатита необходимо использовать мультидисциплинарное клиническое обследование больных и комбинацию различных инструментов прогнозирования.

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