Стентирование при дисфагии на фоне рецидивов злокачественных опухолей

Введение. Стентирование при рецидивах рака пищевода и желудка с целью разрешения возникшей дисфагии является достаточно редким вмешательством. Научные публикации, посвященные этому вопросу, встречаются очень редко. ЦЕЛь. Анализ эффективности, осложнений и продолжительности жизни после стентирования пищеводными стентами у больных с рецидивом рака пищевода и желудка после оперативных вмешательств.

Методы и материалы. Саморасправляющиеся металлические пищеводные стенты были установлены под видеоэндоскопическим контролем 45 пациентам с дисфагией на фоне рака пищевода и желудка за период с 2013 по 2023 г. на базе Республиканского клинического онкологического диспансера Минздрава Республики Татарстан им М. з. Сигала.

Результаты. Осложнений непосредственно во время вмешательства не наблюдалось. Показатели дисфагии уменьшились в среднем на 2 балла. В раннем и отдаленном периоде осложнения возникли в 16 случаях (36 %), среди них миграция стента, продолженный рост опухолевой ткани, грануляционная стриктура, деформация стента и болевой синдром. Неэффективность стентирования в связи с невозможностью эндоскопического разрешения возникших осложнений отмечена в 3 случаях (19 % от общего количества осложнений). Средняя продолжительность жизни составила 128 дней.

Заключение. Стентирование у этой категории больных является достаточно эффективным способом разрешения дисфагии в короткие сроки, но осложнения встречаются достаточно часто и не все из них поддаются эндоскопическим способам разрешения.

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