Стратификация рисков несостоятельности анастомозов после резекционных и реконструктивно-восстановительных операций на толстой кишке

ЦЕЛЬ. Проанализировать доступные за последние 5 лет исследования с последующей систематизацией основных групп факторов, приводящих к несостоятельности толстокишечных анастомозов после резекционных и реконструктивно-восстановительных операций.

Анализ литературы проведен в медицинских базах PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science. Учитывая представленную большую выборку пациентов и количество оцениваемых факторов со статически значимой достоверностью, в литературный обзор вошли 22 рандомизированных исследования и метаанализа. Проанализированы и представлены контролируемые и неконтролируемые факторы, приводящие к несостоятельности толстокишечных анастомозов после реконструктивно-восстановительных и резекционных операций на разных этапах лечения данной категории пациентов. Частота развития несостоятельности межкишечных анастомозов, по данным изученной литературы, довольно высока. Оценка доказанных факторов и их нивелирование в дооперационном периоде позволит в большинстве случаев снизить риски и, как следствие, частоту несостоятельностей кишечных анастомозов, что значительно улучшит результаты лечения колопроктологических пациентов.

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