Barrett’s esophagus is considered as a predictor of esophageal adenocarcinoma with multistage neoplastic progression at present time. The research assessed an expression of microRNA-21 in 25 patients with different degree of metaplasia and dysplasia of mucous coat of esophagus. The level of expression of microRNA depended on the presence and degree of expression of neoplastic changes of mucous coat of esophagus. The expression rising of microRNA was noted in patients with columnar-celled metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia and in case of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The treatment strategy could be determined by the method of estimation of the level of microRNA expression in biopsy material from mucous coat of esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and using other criteria.

The article presents the interview results of 55 patients after esophagoplasty (30 cases - after esophagogastroplasty, 25 cases - after esophagoplasty) using questionnaire GIQLI. The authors came to conclusions about advantages of extirpation of esophagus with esopagogastroplasty compared with subtotal shunt esophagocoloplasty because of high rate of gastrointestinal index of the quality of life and their components in patients after esophagogastroplasty compared with results of patients after esophagoplasty. There was noted an expessed growth in the scales and rise of gastrointestinal index in patients who underwent esophagogastroplasty after 3 years of follow-up.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was performed in 522 patients at the period from 2007 to 2015. The operation was carried out by different methods. It was stated that «the ideal candidates» for choosing LSG operation were the patients without metabolic syndrome (MS) and body-weight index, which wasn’t higher than 48 kg/m². The operation could be performed on patients younger than 40 years old in order to correct disorders of insulinic and cholesterol metabolism. Patients with MS have limitations for LSG application, because of this reason, the operation is advisable for younger age group without severe accompanying pathology. The operation could be applied in older age group in order to stabilize general condition in case of high risks as the first (sometimes the last) stage of treatment for the patients whom more effective operation couldn’t be recommended.

The article analyzed the results of radical operative treatment of 102 patients aged 35-85 years old. It was shown that combined operations on patients of 60 years old and older were associated with high risk of somatic complications in postoperative period. However, these operations provided more higher rate of survival compared with patients younger than 60 years old and improved the quality of life.

The authors described the variants of initial surgical d-bridement on the basis of experience of treatment of 183 patients of multistaged treatment program.

The authors proposed the new methods of forming of microsurgical biliary-enteric anastomoses with sphincteric and antireflux properties. Development and anatomico-experimental substantiation of the new methods were performed on 68 experimental animals (dogs) and 20 organocomplexes of human cadavers. An experimental approbation of microsurgical biliary-enteric anastomoses showed the possibility, safety and high function of anastomoses. Microsurgical technique and developed methods of biliary-enteric anastomoses were applied on 65 patients with good results.

The article presents the authors’ experience. Medical visualization is applied in orthopedics on all stages such as diagnostics, treatment planning and control of the results. Modern approaches in instrumental diagnostics and specialized application-dependent software allowed a new qualitative level of orthopedics and medical care in different areas of medicine. Modern technologies gave a lot of opportunities to doctors in order to improve diagnostics at higher level, make an individual planning of operations and built individual implants, when it wasn’t possible to use standard constructions.

The work is based on an analysis of treatment results of 47 patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. The Ilizarov technique of unfree osteoplasty was applied on these patients. The authors considered an application of combined variants of exterior and external osteosynthesis as very perspective in rehabilitation of the patients with congenital pseudarthrosis.

Antireflux resection of mucous membrane of esophagogastric anastomosis (ARMS) was performed on 6 patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The patients had a short segment of сolumnar-celled metaplasia (1-2 cm) without radiological and endoscopic signs of hiatal hernia. All the patients received medicamentous therapy by antisecretory agents more than 3 years. The operation included the endoscopic resection of²/3 circle of mucous membrane of esophagogastric anastomosis and resection of the area of columnar-celled metaplasia. The results of treatment were assessed during 3-7 months after ARMS. There was noted an absence of clinical manifestations of GERD, regression of inflammatory signs of mucous coat of esophagus in 4 out of 6 patients. Symptoms of GERD remained in 2 patients, although the intensity of signs significantly decreased.

Intra-abdominal hypertension during laparoscopic operations increased the risk of complications from cardiovascular and respiratory systems. An application of laparolifting systems allowed doctors to avoid changes of pneumoperitoneum, although it was associated with technical difficulties in operation performance. The authors used a test in order to determine cardiorespiratory reserve in preoperative period. The reserve was characterized by decrease of stroke volume of the heart against the background of intra-abdominal hypertension. There was noted a reliable increase of complication rate in these patients in case of application of standard laparoscopic operation compared with operation using lifting systems.

The article analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 137 patients with obstructive jaundice of benign genesis. An immune status was studied in serum in dynamics before surgery. The rates of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, Ig A, M, G were determined on the first, third, seventh and fourteenth days after operation. The levels of TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 were investigated in serum and at the same time TNFα, IL-4, IL-6 were noted in the bile duct and IL-6 - in urine. Obstructive jaundice of cholelithiс genesis is characterized by disbalance of immune and cytokine status. The depth of disbalance depends on the degree of hepatic dysfunction and presence of purulent cholangitis. The directed cytokine therapy by ronkoleykin influenced positively on elimination of disbalance in immune and cytokine status and this therapy improved results of surgery in postoperative period.

The article includes the experience of radical surgical treatment of colon cancer with tumor invasion into the duodenum. Patients (7 cases) underwent surgery. Their average age consisted of 72.3 years old. Right-sided hemicolectomy with atypical resection of the duodenum was performed on 6 patients. Pancreoduodenal resection with removal of the right half of the colon was carried out in one patient. The replacement of defect by overlay duodenojejunostomy with initial part of the small intestine was completed in 5 patients and the defect was sutured in one case during the atypical resection of the duodenum. There weren’t lethal outcomes after surgery. There was noted 3-year survival without relapse in 5 patients. According to the author, the atypical resection could be possible in limited invasion of the colon cancer in the duodenum with acceptable reliability level.

The article presents an analysis of complex examination and treatment of 60 patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities due to atherosclerotic lesions of femoral-poplitealtibia segment. Typical traditional autovenous bypass of reverse big saphena was performed for the first (control) group of patients. The operation, which used an original technology by free autovenous transplant with collapsed valves without vein reverse, was completed for the second (experimental) group of patients. An application of original treatment technology allowed an increase of blood flow volume in the extremity in 1,5 times, an arterial blood flow - in 1,6 times, rate of microcirculation - in 1,3 times. An early postoperative complications were decreased on 23,4%, the late shunt thrombosis - on 40%. Long-term shunt passability was improved in 2,6 times and physical component of health - on 10,6%, psychological - on 4,3%. The shunt functioned in 36,7% of the first group and in 83,3% patients of the second group after two years since operation. The extremity was saved in 60% of the first group and 90% patients of the second group.

Methods of surgical interventions performing, modifications, instruments used for operation became more developed every year. In spite of this fact, tendency of increase of the rate of iatrogenic errors took place and it was possible to prevent these mistakes by application of Surgical Safety Checklist. The «checklists» are easily available, not very expensive in practice and they are simple to use. An application of such questionnaires could improve the team work and understanding between members of the crew, which could influence directly on operation outcome. The article presents the history of creation of safety list, the analysis of efficacy of «checklist» application in clinical practice in different countries, information about controversial questions in «checklist», perspectives of its application.