Pulmonary atresia with defect of interventricular septum and collateral pulmonary blood flow refers to complicated congenital malformation of the heart. Surgical treatment represents itself as very difficult task because of anatomical variability of this abnormality. The main problem of surgery is a definitive repair of the defect including correction of maldistributions of pulmonary arterial bed (unifocalization of pulmonary blood flow), reconstruction of outflow tract of the right ventricle and closing of interventricular septum defect. The performance of closing interventricular septum defect could be successful in patients with pulmonary atresia and collateral pulmonary blood flow in case of stepwise and one-step surgical treatment. The combination of maximal number of pulmonary segments and sufficient development of central pulmonary arteries facilitates to progress of assigned task. Patients with the level of pulmonary-arterial index more than 170 mm/m² and integrity of pulmonary arterial bed, centralization of pulmonary segments (minimum 15) could be considered as a candidate for definite repair of the defect.

The article presents the results of the first domestic experience of intraoperative fluorescence mapping of sentinel lymph nodes in lung cancer. The research included 10 patients, who underwent surgery over the period of time from September 2013 to May 2014. After performing thoracotomy, the solution of indocyanine green (ICG) was injected using subpleural position above the tumor in 3-4 points. Fluorescence (ICG) image guided surgery was carried out by using infrared radiation (wave length 808 nm) on lung surface, root of lung, mediastinum in real time. Fluorescence lymph nodes were mapped. In case that metastatic lesions weren’t revealed in sentinel lymph nodes, they weren’t noted in other nodes. Method specificity consisted of 100%. Biopsy and histological study of sentinel lymph nodes mapped during fluorescence (ICG) image guided surgery could be useful for prevention of lymphodissection in patients with non-small cell carcinoma of lung.

The authors developed and described an algorithm and technical aspects of lymphadenectomy performance in radical surgery based on structural variations of visceral vessels in 91 patients with stomach cancer. Preoperative helical computer tomography in regimen of angiography was carried out on 91 patients. Variant anatomy of visceral vessels was detected in 31 patients and that required change of surgical technique inorder to minimize intraoperative risks of great vessel damage and allowed performing lymphadenectomy successfully.

The article described an original method of forming preventive colostomy, which reduced the rate of incompetence of interintestinal anastomosis in sphinctersaving resection concerning rectal cancer. This also facilitated patient’s rehabilitation in early postoperative period.

Standard methods of diagnostics haven’t got a proper sensitivity and specificity concerning assessment of regional nodal involvement in case of rectal cancer. Therefore it is necessary to look for new method of diagnostics, detect risk factors and unfavorable prognosis in relation to lateral lymph node metastasis. At the same time, there should be a differentiated approach to the choice of therapeutic management in rectal cancer. Investigation of variability of blood supply of the rectum could be an additional method of diagnostics in rectal cancer.

An analysis of results of experimental research was made in 60 patients with critical ischemia of lower extremities due to bilaterally atherosclerotic lesions of aorto-iliac segment, which had a high operationally anaesthetic risk. Synthetic polytetrafluoethylene prosthesis or biological shunt from internal pectoral bull arteries were used as a shunt. Revasculization was performed through the system of arteria profunda femoris considering multilevel lesions of lower limb arteries. An application of biological prosthesis allowed decreasing the rate of early postoperative complications on 13,3% , late thromboses - on 30%, extending the medium term of shunt functioning in 1,8%, improving physical component of health on 12,8% and mental - on 9,1% during the immediate postoperative period. The experiments on rabbits were carried out. It was shown, that biological prosthesis had the greatest biological compatibility.

The article analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 153 patients with soft tissue sarcomas. The surgery was complemented by preoperative embolization of vessels, which supplied the tumor, cryotherapy on the tumor and postoperative wound in 72 patients of main group. The control group consisted of 81 patients and there weren’t any perioperative actions. It was shown, that more than 80% of soft tissue sarcomas had the main and mixed type of tumor blood supply. Partial and full reduction of blood flow could be obtained by embolization of the tumor in more than 50% patients. Combination of surgical and preoperative embolization of vessels and cryotherapy decreased the rate of local recurrence and increased the quantity of organosafe interventions.

An analysis of the Doppler-graphic results was made in transrectal ultrasound in 98 patients. Prostate cancer was detected in 44 cases. Priority zones for bioptic injection were determined. There were high probabilities of adenocarcinoma detection. The index of systolic speed of blood flow is significant for diagnostics.

The authors analyzed quality of life before and after thyroid surgery in 350 patients. The article suggested the ways of improving of surgical treatment by developing some technical details. Indications to operation and choice of the operation volume were specified by morphological diagnostics refinement.

An evaluation of cognitive functions was presented in 90 patients undergoing thyroid surgery. An attention deterioration, shot-term memory impairment and degradation were revealed after operation. It was shown that reduction of manifestations of cognitive dysfunction and stabilization of the haemodynamics indices were allowed due to application of cytoflavin during operation and in early postoperative period.

The aim of research was to study the rate of hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism among patients with urolithiasis. The investigation included 645 patients with urolithiasis. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with normocalcemia and hypercalcemia. The rate of hypercalcemia consisted of 18,9% among patients with urolithiasis. This frequency was 10-20 times higher than in a similar rate of general population. There were no significant differences in age, sex, history of urolithiasis and stone localization between two groups. The data obtained showed an importance of screening of hypercalcemia in patients with urolithiasis regardless the severity of clinical course.

A comparative analysis of subjective and objective criterion was made in order to evaluate efficacy of preoperative preparation in 101 patients with pheochromocytoma of different clinical course. It was shown the reasonability of monitoring usage of noninvasive method of assessment of systemic hemodynamics (bio-impedance reo-vasography and daily monitoring of arterial pressure) for evaluation of preoperative preparation adequacy. The need of differentiated approach and strategy of preoperative preparation were based on clinical course of pheochromocytoma.

The authors suggested a new method of performance of open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using specially developed instruments for selective parenchyma clamping in order to improve the functional results of renal cell carcinoma treatment. The operation with clamping of renal vessels was carried out in 86 cases and clamping of renal parenchyma was used in 24 cases. It was shown, that the open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy could be safely performed in conditions of selective ischemia of the renal parenchyma without clamping of renal vessels.

A comparative analysis of surgical treatment of non-small cell carcinoma of lung was made in 64 patients of senile age and more young patients. It was stated, that preference should be given to the partial lung resections (lob- and segmentectomies). The authors recommended to avoid pneumoectomy and typical resection of the lung as non-radical operations accompanied by high rate of local recurrences. The comorbidity background of patients should be thoroughly investigated before planning of surgery. If necessary, a surgical treatment of accompanied vascular pathology should be fulfilled as the first stage before oncology surgery.

The article presents the results of diagnostics and treatment of 12 patients with Boerhaave’s syndrome (men - 9, women - 3). The age of the patients was 19- 68 years old. The prescription of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus was 7 h- 2 days from moment of the rupture to hospital admission. General aspects of disease were noted in 10 patients, though only 5 patients were directed to the hospital with suspicion on Boerhaave’s syndrome. Emergency surgeries were performed on all patients. At first the opening was carried out, than drainage of posterior lower mediastinum were performed by Savinykh-Rozanov method with wound closure of the oesophagus walls. The complications were noted in 2 patients (the first case-pleural empyema, the second case-pulmonary embolism). Late complications, such as esophagostenosis in the place of wound closure were followed up in 3 patients in terms more than one month after operation.

The article presents an assessment of anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban in 35 patients with thromboembolic diseases. The results of expressed anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban were obtained during a day (or more). The data of increase in sensitivity to thrombomodulin indicated about work enchancement of protein C system against the background of rivaroxaban therapy.