A retrospective analysis of data of 188 patients, who underwent a selective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurism showed, that all the patients had a cardiac pathology. Ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension had 175 (93,0%) and 177 (94,1%) of patients, respectively. Chronic nonspecific lung disease was noted in 65,4% patients and kidney disease — in 48,9%. Different complications developed in early postoperative period in 47 (25%) patients, that resulted in fatal outcome in 20 (10,6%). The most frequent complication was an acute renal insufficiency, which led to fatal outcome in 40% patients. Myocardial infarction and pneumonia took the second place in the structure of postoperative complications, one half of the fatal cases was due to these. Retrospective risk stratification assessment of the development of early postoperative complications and lethality was made by Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS) and angiosurgical model scale V-POSSUM. It was stated, that score was up to 84 according to GAS scale and up to 28 (V-POSSUM ). That fact is the evidence of high risk of the operation. On the basis of ROC curves building, the conclusion was made about greater predictive ability of V-POSSUM scoring system.

The traumatic effect of surgical approaches was determined by the intensity and duration of pain syndrome and by the degree of lung ventilation disturbances after thoracic surgery. An acute pain syndrome was considered by visual analog pain scale and a blood saturation level for the first 5 days after operation. There were 3 groups, each group consisted of 31 patients. All patients were after thoracotomies, thoracoscopies, rethoracoscopies. Maximal intensity of pain appeared to be after thoracotomies and its degree has been reducing since the first till fifth day (from 8,1±1,7 to 4,2±0,9 points). The pain syndrome was reliably less after thoracoscopy (from 5,9±1,6 to 3,5±1,4 points). Minimal pain was noted after revideothoracoscopies with the dynamics from 4,0±2,4 to 2,7±1,2 points. The rate of blood saturation was more reduced after thoracotomy for the first two days till 92,9±4,6% and the saturation level became equal on the third day in all groups. Obtained data objectively confirmed the considerably less injury in the case of endoscopic thoracic approaches in comparison with open intervention.

A biopsy of lung tissues was a conventional diagnostic method for detection of disseminated processes in the lung, which weren’t diagnosed on preoperative stage. It was used during surgical anti-relapse treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). A retrospective analysis of the results of lung parenchyma biopsy was made in 143 patients, who have been operated for SP. Basic entry criteria of the research were: the age younger than 40 years old, a presence of one episode of spontaneous pneumothorax, an absence of complaints for respiratory organs before the development of the first episode of spontaneous pneumothorax. The biopsy with following pathomorphological investigation allowed a formulation of exact variant of disseminated processes, which gave the reason for the development of spontaneous pneumothorax in 9 (6%) patients out of 143. The presence of disseminated processes in the lung was detected with multispiral CT in all these patients on preoperative stage. The study of biopsy material found out the presence of emphysema of different degree of manifestation or fibrosis sites in the rest of the patients. An analysis of presented materials allowed the conclusion, that a performance of biopsy was indicated in the case of suspicion for lung disseminated processes in patients with SP. The biopsy with the following histological study didn’t explain the reason of the development of emphysematous and fibrous changes in lung parenchyma in all other cases. At the same time, it didn’t give the option for pathogenetic treatment and it wasn’t possible to predict the following pathogenesis.

Thoracic hematogenic endometriosis is a rare pathology. A clinical course hasn’t pathognomic symptoms, because of it, the diagnosis is established due to histological study. The article presented two cases of female patients, who were suffering from thoracic endometriosis. They were hospitalized to the department of thoracic surgery of Municipal multifield hospital № 2 in Saint-Petersburg. The first patient had a posterior mediastinum tumor with asymptomatic disease course. The second patient was with recurrent catamenial pneumothorax.

Side effects and complications of the application of partial ileal bypass used for dislipidemia were analyzed in 162 patients with atherosclerosis. It was shown, that the partial ileal bypass operation could lead to the development of series of undesirable side effects such as diarrhea, hypovitaminosis B₁₂, off-state intestine enteritis. The application of modification of partial ileal bypass such as formation of ileo-ileoanastomosis 5–6 cm long near ileocecal valve with the maintenance of its functions disposed the diarrhea and minimized the risk of the development of hypovitaminosis B₁₂ after operation. It is possible to prevent the development of enteritis of off-state loop of the small intestine by using microanastomosis between off-state and functioning iliac intestine. The partial ileal bypass operation didn’t influence on body weight, wouldn’t increase the risk of stone formation in the gallbladder and kidneys. The risk of the development of hypovitaminosis B₁₂ is minimal after operation.

The authors present an analysis of treatment results in 14 patients with hepatolithiasis. An influence of chronic opisthorchosis invasion on the frequency was determined. Hepatolithiasis was detected in 8 (0,14%) out of 5757 patients, who underwent the operation for cholelithiasis and its complications. The disease was found out in 6 (0,31%) patients out of 1965, who had cholelithiasis and accompanying chronic opisthorchosis. It was 2,2 times more frequent due to proliferative sclerotic changes of biliary system. The trasdermal teanshepatic cholangiography was contraindicated for opisthorchiasis injuries, because of the danger of subcapsular cholangioectates damage. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the endopapillosphincterotomy were complicated due to extensive structures of the large duodenal papilla and distal section of the general bile duct. The patients were treated by using the cholecystectomy, extraction of stones from ducts, reconstruction of liver passage. Choledochoduodenostomy was performed with compulsory external drainage for ducts sanation from infections and helminthes in the case of the opisthorchiasis. Interportal infusions were carried out. The surgical, conservative and endoscopic treatment was required for multiple colangiolithiasis. The lethality consisted of 7,1%.

The authors present results of the investigation of melatonin receptors expression in lymphocytes in dynamics in 102 patients with acute pancreatitis of mild and severe form and in 50 volunteers. A correlated analysis was made between obtained results of laboratory and instrumental researches and clinical course of acute pancreatitis. The decrease of MT₁ receptors expression was noted on 25% in patients with acute pancreatitis. The decline of MT₂ receptors expression was observed on 40% of patients with acute severe pancreatitis and in a case of acute mild pancreatitis — on 15,5%, respectively. Values of MT₁ and MT₂ expression were equal between healthy volunteers. The decline of MT₂ expression was a prognostic unfavourable sign. Obtained results of dynamic expression assessment of MT-receptors were presented as MT₂/MT₁ indices. Given index didn’t change during disease, because of this, the index could be used as a prognostic development marker of destructive form of acute pancreatitis at the moment of patient’s admission to hospital. Mean values of MT2/MT1 were determined for the purpose of universalization of used method (1,13±0,09 for mild form and 0,81±0,09 for severe form of acute pancreatitis, respectively).

The authors analyzed a condition of coronary collateral circulation in infarction-related artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction with rise and without rise of ST segment. The assessment of collateral circulation was made by coronary angiography using Rentop scale. Results of the research showed, that collateral circulation wasn’t visualized by angiography in the first hours after acute myocardial infarction with the rise of ST segment. Apparently, this circulation didn’t significantly assisted in maintenance of vital capacity of the myocardium in the pool of infarction-related occlusive coronary artery. Visualization of collateral circulation was noted in majority of patients with acute myocardial infarction without the rise of ST segment. Collateral flow was an important alternative source of blood supply of the heart in patients without rise of ST segment in the period of critical reduction of the antegrade blood flow.

The authors analyzed an experience of surgical treatment in patients with aortic valve failure and ischemic heart disease. All patients have been operated in clinic of hospital surgery № 2 of State Pavlov Medical University. The work presented basic approaches to the management and strategy choice of the treatment of these patients. On the basis of given research, the authors suggested to perform a reconstruction of aortic valve by using original method in combination with coronary bypass surgery, which allowed avoiding a prosthetic-patient inadequacy. At the same time, it could improve an intracardiac haemodynamics and postoperative course.

The authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy of application of ultrasound dissection technology and coagulation by using «Harmonic Focus» (HF) instrument, while performing anatomical resection of the lung in open thoracic surgery. The method was carried out in serial 20 patients with lung cancer, whom the lung anatomical resection was performed. A long attachment (17 cm) with curved branches was applied. There were 11 lobectomies and 9 pneumoectomies. The application of HF allowed the dissection of pleural adhesions, pulmonary ligament, a separation of roots of the lung elements, lymphatic nodes of roots of the lung and mediastinum, in spite of being very close to vessels. A fatty tissue of the mediastinum was removed quickly and practically without blood. The HF considerably accelerated the process of vessel treatment, especially, while performing the lobectomy. At the same time, the attempts of application of HF instrument for separation of interlobal fissure resulted in not quite satisfactory aerostasis and hemostasis. The duration of the lobectomy was 127±35 minutes at the average and in the case of pneumoectomy, it consisted of 120±45 minutes. An intraoperative hemorrhage was 300±145 ml. A quantity of exudates was 440±280 ml by drainage on the first day. The pleural cavity drainage was used during 3±1 days. The HF instrument, which was applied for ultrasonic dissection and coagulation, was characterized by multifunctionality and simplicity of usage. It was recommended for a wide application in the thoracic surgery for performing the anatomical lung resections by thoracotomy method.

The article presents a low-invasive method in the intraoperative ultrasound-guided surgery. The method had several steps: an access (2–3 cm) was made to a liquid formation with the following aspiration of contents, a necrotic detritus was removed through the wound tract using simultaneous ultrasound examination of efficacy of emptying the cavity with drainage. This means allowed the performance of single-stage sanitization and drainage of cavity formations, which contained the liquid and dense necrotic tissues in the lumen. The method was effective, technically workable in any surgical hospital. At the same time, it was economically reasonable, because there wasn’t need to buy an additional equipment. The application of the means considerably shortened a hospital stay and the lethality was reduced.

An analysis of treatment results was made in 474 patients with a diffuse purulent peritonitis. It was shown, that a dynamics of indices of computer phonoenterography (preservation and aggravation of disturbed intestinal motility pattern) and gas-liquid chromatography (the invariable or increased level of acetic, propionic, butyric acid in blood and exudate) significantly supported an evidence objectification to staged sanitization of the abdominal cavity. Recurrent peritoneal lavage was performed in a case of polyorgan dysfunction evidence in the stage of subcompensation in 36, 7 patients. It could be carried out by endovideosurgical method in 82,2% of medical supervisions. The lethality consisted of 4,9% in a case of the application of staged laparoscopic sanitization of the abdominal cavity in complex treatment of patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis.

The article presents an analysis of the features of primary peritonitis in children. Medical reports of 182 patients with primary and appendicular peritonitis were analyzed. It was significant, that the sick girls aged 4–7 years often had the primary peritonitis after acute inflammatory processes, which took place a month earlier. Chronic infection foci were noted in these patients. The age-specific features of maturation of the immune and reproductive systems predisposed the disease.

A comparative analysis of efficacy of two methods was the purpose of the research. Politano-Leadbetter technique was applied in 41 cases and nipple way was used in 13 cases. The investigation included 45 patients aged from 2 months till 17 years with congenital obstructive ureterohydronephrosis of terminal stage (the pathology was diagnosed from both sides in 15 children). A follow-up period was from 1till 6 years. Recurrent intervention was required in 31 cases. An analysis of overall results allowed determining the outcome as positive in 26 cases after Politano-Leadbetter operation. There were a vesicoureteral reflux in 6 cases and signs of obstruction appeared in 9 cases. The application of nipple operation had positive results in 9 cases, at the same time, the complication such as vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 2 cases, the signs of obstruction were in 2 cases. The authors prefer using the nipple method of reimplantation in spite of identical results of two different methods.

Intraoperative radiation photon therapy (IORT) is a current effective technique based on the radiation exposure of extirpated tumor bed. This method is used in neurosurgery as a part of combined treatment of intracranial malignancies. The article presents the technique, an analysis of surgical treatment of 10 patients with cerebral metastases form of the lung and breast cancer, located in functionally important zones of the brain or nearby. IORT was performed using Carl Zeiss Intrabeam PRS 500^tm system in combination with preoperative image-guided transcranial motor cortex mapping carried on Nextim NBS. There weren’t observed the intraoperative or postoperative complications.

The article presents the results of examination and surgery of 185 patients with degenerative diseases as well as with a cervical spine trauma. The circulatory disturbance of the vertebral artery took place in all patients. A different degree of changes was observed in color duplex scanning. There were minor circulatory disturbances, course deformations (angular, C, S,Vshaped twists) and dissection of the vertebral artery. Color duplex scanning allowed estimating of local and system hemodynamic significance of extravasal influences. The strategy of treatment and volume of surgical interference were defined by the degree of circulatory disturbance in the vertebral artery.

An analysis of treatment results was made in 83 patients with traumatic parenchymatous injuries of frontal lobes of the brain. Surgical interventions were performed in 31 patients and the conservative therapy was carried out in 52 patients. Regular neurological examinations were completed for all the patients. The data of neurovisual methods were estimated. A strategy of treatment of frontal lobes injury depends on not only from the traumatic substratum volume, but at the same time, it is formed by clinical neurologic constellations and instrumental data in traumatic injury of frontal lobes of the brain. Risk factors of unfavorable effect of traumatic parenchymatous injury of frontal lobes of the brain were reflected in the initially low GCS score, a neurologic deficit progression with contusion haemorrhagic foci in the frontal lobe (volume greater than 25 cm³), a midline shift on 6 mm or more and signs of base cistern compression and presence of mass-effect, according to CT scan data. The developed algorithm could improve the results of treatment and makes better the quality of life of the patients with traumatic parenchymatous injuries of frontal lobes of the brain.

The number of road accidents, fatal outcomes and victims exceeded in 1.5 times in Saint-Petersburg in comparison with Moscow. At the average, 600 victims were treated in each of 6 first-level traumatology centers every year. The quantity of patients, who were admitted to 3 second-level traumatology centers, numbered 10 times less. About 300 people entered to others hospitals. The lethality consisted of 15%, 20% and 37%, respectively. There are a lot of matters, that should be discussed, such as an importance of better treatment financing of multitrauma by using compulsory medical insurance system, an optimization of pre-admission treatment and a necessity of patient delivery by mobile medical team using the anaesthesiology and resuscitation.