Academician Timofey Krasnobayev was born on March 6, 1865 in Smolensk, in a poor hairdresser ‘s family. After graduating from the gymnasium, Timofey Petrovich entered the Medical Faculty of the Moscow University. After graduated from the University in 1888, T. P. Krasnobayev worked for a year as an external student at the Smolensk provincial hospital and then returned to Moscow. At the very beginning of 1903, the Moscow City Administration sent Timofey Petrovich on a 6-month scientific mission to Western Europe to familiarize with children’s hospitals and their surgical departments and to study orthopaedic surgery. T. P. Krasnobayev was the ideologist of the system of prevention of secondary intra-hospital diseases in children. T. P. Krasnobayev made the greatest contribution to the development of child traumatology and orthopaedics. Timofey Petrovich had given more than 50 years to study the issues of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bone-joint tuberculosis in children and is undoubtedly a luminary and a gene rally recognized authority in this section of pediatrics. T. P. Krasnobayev has a great merit in the organization of the X-ray service at the children’s hospital. He published about 70 scientific papers on pediatric surgery and made more than 150 reports. Academician Timofey Petrovich Krasnobayev died on October 11, 1952.

THE OBJECTIVE of our study was to increase the efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis postoperative reactivations in a previously operated lung, by clarifying the medical indications, improving surgical techniques and tactics when removing a previously resected lung.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. We analyzed the results of treatment of 220 patients who, in the 2004–2017 timeframe in our institution, had pneumonectomies (76 cases) and pleuropneumonectomies (144 cases) for tuberculosis relapse in a previously operated lung. For more objective planning of surgical treatment and evaluation of its results, we identified three degrees of treatment radicalism: radical, conditionally radical, and palliative.

RESULTS. 32 patients, who had carried a radical surgery, were diagnosed as having a complete clinical effect at the time of discharge (absence of destruction cavities in a single lung, bacterial excretion and illiquid complications) in 100 % of cases; in the group of patients operated conditionally radical, there were diagnosed 161 out of 168 (95.8 %) and in the group of patients operated palliative, there were distinguished only 3 cases out of 20 (15.0 %).

CONCLUSION. The implementation of the completion pneumonectomy and pleurapneumonectomy is accompanied by high technical complexity and more frequent development of intraoperative and postoperative complications. At the same time, the high efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis relapses in a previously operated lung can be achieved using the recommended tactics and techniques of surgical treatment when performing radical and conditionally radical interventions.

The OBJECTIVE of this scientific research was to study risk factors, frequency and consequences of acute kidney injury (AKI) after open surgery on the abdominal aorta.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. Outcome of surgical interventions in 65 patients were analyzed. AKI was detected in 11 of them; in rest 54 cases, AKI was not registered. The features of the perioperative period, kidney injury markers (creatinine, diuresis, urine), and the comorbidity were evaluated.

RESULTS. The initial changes in renal activity, the emergency of intervention, hemodynamic instability, especially after more than 1000 ml perioperative blood loss, the presence of operations for multilevel peripheral arterial disease (MPAD) negatively affected on the AKI occurrence.

CONCLUSION. Post-surgical AKI after infrarenal aortic interventions were observed more often in patients with previous kidney insufficiency, as well as after emergency interventions, in cases of hemodynamic instability.

The OBJECTIVE was to make the comparative assessment of surgical methods for the treatment and prevention of the recurrence of echinococcal liver disease, as well as to study negative and positive aspects of closed echinococcectomy in relation to recurrent efficacy.

METHODS AND MATERIAL. 1072 cases (1358 cysts) of echinococcal liver disease were subjected to a retrospective analysis. The clinic performed radical (closed) echinococcectomy using high-tech resection devices on 258 patients, including ultrasound dissectors and destructors-aspirators for 105 patients (main group), other resection devices (LigaSure, an argon plasma scalpel) for patients (control group).

RESULTS. Inpatient treatment of patients in the main group amounted to (9.4±2.1) days, in the control group – (11.6±1.7). Postoperative complications in the main group were observed at 4.6 % of patients, in the control group – 11.0 %. Relapse of the liver echinococcosis in the control group occurred in 2.3 % of cases, there were no relapses in the main group. The quality of life of patients in the main group was (73.5±1.8) points, in the control group – (72, 8±1.7) points. There were no lethal outcomes in both groups of patients.

CONCLUSION. The most effective in the treatment and prevention of recurrence of echinococcal liver disease are closed methods of echinococcectomy: a cyst pericystectomy, liver resection. When we use ultrasound resection techniques for closed (radical) surgical interventions, intra- and postoperative complications are reduced and the immediate and long-term results of patients with liver echinococcosis are improved.

INTRODUCTION. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most serious adverse events that develop in patients after performing an operation of instrumental spinal fusion. A search of literary sources in various databases showed the presence of isolated studies devoted to studying the effectiveness of suprafascial local application of Vancomycin powder after performing an operation of posterior instrumental spinal fusion in preventing the development of SSIs. At the same time, the results of these studies are ambiguous and in many ways contradictory.

The OBJECTIVE of this study was to study the effectiveness of the suprafascial local application of Vancomycin powder after performing the operation of the posterior instrumental spinal fusion in preventing the development of SSIs, and also to identify the main adverse drug reactions in the local use of this antibacterial drug.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study included medical records of 219 patients who underwent surgery for posterior instrumental spinal fusion on the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine for various pathological conditions. Medical records of patients are divided into two groups: group I (comparison group) – 113 patients who used the standard protocol of prophylaxis of SSIs and group II (main group) – 106 patients who used the standard protocol of prophylaxis of SSIs in combination with suprafascial local use of Vancomycin powder. The analysis of the frequency of occurrence of SSIs after the operation of the posterior instrumental spinal fusion in the studied groups of respondents and the prevalence of undesirable medicinal phenomena in the case of local suprafascial application of Vancomycin powder was performed.

RESULTS. The prevalence of SSI after posterior instrumental spinal fusion in the control group of patients was 4.2 %. At the same time, in the main group of patients, where the standard protocol was used in combination with suprafascial local use of Vancomycin powder for the purpose of prophylaxis of SSIs, there were no cases of SSIs development. We have not revealed any adverse drug reactions when using Vancomycin powder in patients of the main group.

CONCLUSION. The local use of Vancomycin powder in patients after posterior instrumental spinal fusion is an effective and safe method of preventing the development of SSIs.

The article is presented the description of rare clinical observation of the patient with pharyngeal lipofibroma complicated by compression syndrome, accompanied by impaired swallowing and breathing. The patient was successfully operated on with cervical access.

To date, the incidence of penetrating aortic ulcers is from 2 to 7 % of all cases of acute aortic syndrome, localization of this pathology in the ascending aorta are casuistic. We present the case of an intraoperative finding of a penetrating ulcer of the ascending aorta. The patient underwent separate prosthetics of the ascending aorta with the vascular prosthesis Uni-Graft No. 28 and the aortic valve prosthesis with the mechanical prosthesis Medtronic No. 23. The patient was discharged on the 8th day in a satisfactory condition. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer is a potentially life-threatening condition, the detection of which requires aggressive tactics of surgical treatment.

The OBJECTIVE was to present the results of surgical treatment of the patient with the combined pathology: celiac trunk compression syndrome and hiatal hernia. In the 63-year-old patient with chronic abdominal pain and dysphagia, a type III esophageal hiatus hernia and a celiac trunk compression syndrome were detected during the examination. The simultaneous operation was performed: laparoscopic decompression of the celiac trunk and laparoscopic removal of the hiatal hernia with fundoplication according to R. Nissen.

The authors present the case report of the patient with acute pancreatitis, multiple organ failure, anuria, pancreatogenic shock complicated by infection, diffused retroperitoneal phlegmon, unformed duodenal fistula, postnecrotic insular diabetes. Percutaneous catheter drainage of retroperitoneal abscess was performed under ultrasonic guidance. Therapy included somatuline. Irrigation-evacuation original system was used for debridement.

The use of organ-preserving interventions remains the most important direction in improving of surgical treatment of patients with rectal cancer. One of the promising options for its implementation is the TEM (transanal endoscopic microsurgery) technique, which allows local removal of rectal neoplasms by its full-wall resection. However, indications for this intervention are still a matter of debate. The presented clinical case demonstrates the positive potential of the TEM technique, which consists of reducing surgical trauma without violating the basic oncological principles.

Uterine myoma is the most common benign disease in the women of the reproductive period. According to different authors, the rate of uterine myoma in pregnancy is estimated from 0.1 to 12.5 %. We present the case of successful laparotomy myomectomy at 14–15 weeks of gestational age.

The article presents the clinical case of an abscess of the iliopsoas muscle (iliopsoitis), a rare abdominal infectious and inflammatory disease that required a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis of this pathology in a multidisciplinary hospital.

The problem of diagnosing postnecrotic cysts of the pancreas is considered in this article. The characteristics of laboratory (determination of the level of amylase, cytological research of punctate, determination of tumor markers) and radiation (ultrasound, endosonography, RCP, MSCT, etc.) methods of research of this pathology are presented, their specificity in the differential diagnosis of cystic formations, depressurization of the main pancreatic duct and formation of the cyst wall is considered. We concluded that the use of radiation methods of research significantly improves the diagnosis of pseudocyst of the pancreas and allows to choose a rational treatment tactics and an adequate surgical intervention.

The study was performed for analysis of current understanding of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

The English and Russian articles about intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis were analyzed. The articles were found in «Russian Science Citation Index» and «PubMed».

There is a pathogenetic relationship between increased intra-abdominal pressure and the development of severe acute pancreatitis.

For today, it was shown that intra-abdominal hypertension in patients with severe acute pancreatitis is associated with significantly higher APACHE-II and MODS score, prevalence of pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue lesions, early infection of pancreatic necrosis and higher mortality.

The article considers various variants of decompressive interventions such as decompressive laparotomy, fasciotomy and percutaneous catheter drainage. For today, there are no randomized studies devoted to researching effectiveness of different decompressive interventions.

The study showed that it is necessary to regularly monitor intra-abdominal pressure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Patients with intra-abdominal hypertension require emergency medical management to reduce intra-abdominal pressure. Inefficiency of the medical management and development of abdominal compartment syndrome are indications for surgery. The effectiveness of different decompressive interventions requires further studies.

Nowadays, adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a disease characterized by the stable increase in the number of patients, a significant level of postoperative complications, and a high risk of disability and death. The objective of the article was the research and analysis of relevant data of video laparoscopic treatment of patients with ASBO and possible postoperative complications. A small percentage of complications in clinical centers with a large flow of patients of this profile and rapid postoperative recovery of patients promote the active introduction of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in practical medicine. The analysis of foreign and domestic literature showed that the faithful adherence of indications for application of the technique for resolving intestinal obstruction and restoring passage through the gastrointestinal tract allows to achieve better results and avoid iatrogenic and infectious complications. Thus, laparoscopic treatment can and should be the operation of choice only in a carefully selected group of patients (the first manifestation of ASBO, the absence of pronounced ischemic changes in the intestinal wall and (or) the predicted presence of a small number of peritoneal adhesions), in all other cases, the use of laparotomy is indicated. Currently, there is a clear trend towards an increasing recognition and use of laparoscopy in surgical practice. It is becoming the preferred choice in clinical centers with extensive experience in the treatment of patients with ASBO due to an insignificant percentage of complications and a rapid postoperative recovery.

The first idea of stage operations for colon cancer was introduced in 1898 by G. F. Ceidler. The first stage of treatment, he recommended the formation of colostoma above the tumor. At the 30th Congress of French Surgeons in 1921 in Strasbourg, H. Hartmann, a surgeon from Paris, reported on the successful treatment of two patients with cancer of the left half of the colon. In the domestic literature, there were different names of Hartmann’s operation. The first report of its performance in our country belongs to N. N. Petrov, who called this intervention operation Coffey – Hartmann (1929) or the single-step intraperitoneal operation by Hartmann (1939). For many decades, the term «obstructive colon resection» has been widely used in foreign and domestic literature. A two-stage operation under this name was developed and practiced by the American surgeon F.W. Rankin in 1928. At the same time, obstructive resection of the colon by Rankin can be performed only in a planned order, unlike Hartmann’s operation, which is carried out also in case of acute colon obstruction. Thus, the following names of surgical interventions using H. Hartmann’s name are valid and terminologically correct: Hartmann’s sigmoid resection (with formation of a flat sigmostoma and suturing of the sigmoid stump); Hartmann’s resection of the sigmoid and rectum (with formation of a flat sigmostoma and suturing of the stump of the supra-ampular or ampular parts of the rectum); left-sided hemicolectomy of Hartmann type (with formation of flat transversostoma and suturing of sigmoid stump); transverse colon resection of Hartmann type (with formation of flat transversostoma and suturing of transverse colon stump).