Outstanding orthopedic surgeon, scientist, teacher and public figure, founder of Russian orthopedics and creator of the largest orthopedic school, organizer and head of the first department and clinic of orthopedics in Russia at the Military Medical Academy, founder of the first Society of Orthopedic Surgeons (1926), actual state councilor , Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1927), professor (1895) Henry Ivanovich Turner was born in St. Petersburg on September 29, 1858 in a family of British subjects. In 1881, he graduated from the Imperial Military Medical Academy with a doctor’s diploma with honors. In 1892, he defended his doctoral dissertation “On the anatomy of the cecum and vermiform appendix in relation to the pathology of perityphlitis”. In 1895, H. I. Turner was appointed extraordinary professor, and in 1900, he was elected ordinary professor of the department of desmurgy and mechanurgy of the Military Medical Academy. At his request in 1900, the department was transformed into the first department of orthopedics in Russia with a clinical hospital under the leadership of Henry Ivanovich. He took an active part in educational work among the population on the prevention of diseases and injuries and in practical training in first aid techniques for victims. He made a huge contribution to organizing the provision of orthopedic and social assistance to disabled children. As the director of an orthopedic clinic, he performed free operations on children with congenital and acquired pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. H. I. Turner published more than 179 scientific papers on orthopedics and traumatology and actually laid the foundations of a new medical specialty in Russia. Henry Ivanovich was an honorary member of the Pirogov Surgical Society in St. Petersburg and Leningrad, Moscow and other surgical societies, an honorary member of the American and British Orthopedic Associations, a corresponding member of the American Academy of Surgeons, and a member of the International Society for Aid to Crippled Children. Professor H.I. Turner died on July 20, 1941 and was buried in Leningrad at the Bolsheokhtinsky cemetery. Currently, the department and clinic of military traumatology and orthopedics of the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy and the National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Traumatology and Orthopedics in St. Petersburg bear the name of H. I. Turner.

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the results of using vacuum-assisted laparostomy in the surgical treatment of victims with gunshot abdominal wounds and clarify the indications for its use.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. A comparative assessment of the results of surgical treatment of 180 victims with gunshot abdominal wounds was carried out. In the retrospective group (90 patients), vacuum-assisted laparostomy was used in accordance with the recommendations of the World Society of Emergency Surgery and national clinical guidelines for the treatment of peritonitis. To clarify the indications for vacuum-assisted laparostomy in patients of the prospective group (n=90), the risk scale for peritonitis progression in gunshot abdominal wounds (priority certificate № 2024100144) was used. The study groups were comparable according to the main clinical criteria: age of victims, severity of injuries, and structure of surgical interventions.

RESULTS. In the retrospective group, vacuum-assisted laparostomy was performed in 41 % of cases, in the prospective group – in 56 % of victims. In-hospital mortality was 5.5 % and 2.3 %, respectively (p=0.2). The incidence of complications of grade III–IV according to Clavien–Dindo in the retrospective group was 34.5 %, and in the prospective group – 23.3 % (p = 0.07). At the same time, the progression of peritonitis with the development of abdominal sepsis was noted in 8 patients in the retrospective group and in 2 patients in the prospective group (14.2 % and 3.4 %, p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION. Vacuum-assisted laparostomy is the important element of the surgical treatment program for victims with gunshot abdominal wounds, allowing implementation of damage control tactics and providing reliable control over the infectious process. The use of the developed risk scale for peritonitis progression substantiates the indications for vacuum-assisted laparostomy for gunshot abdominal wounds, which helps to reduce the incidence of abdominal sepsis. 

The OBJECTIVE was to study the results of minimally invasive methods of treatment of nonparasitic spleen cysts.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. A prospective nonrandomized study of 71 patients with nonparasitic spleen cysts was carried out. Depending on the method of treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups: in the l group, patients (n=49) underwent laparoscopic operations, in the ll – puncture sclerosing treatment under US control (n=22). All patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests (including serological blood tests by IHA and EIA), instrumental research methods (US, CT angiography, MRT), intraoperative express cytological examination of punctate.

RESULTS. In group 1, cyst fenestration was performed in 3 patients, splenectomy with autotransplantation of the splenic tissue was performed in 15 patients, resection of the spleen with a cyst was performed in 31 patients. In group II, puncture treatment was carried out in patients with comorbid pathology, with contraindications to endotracheal anesthesia, and deep intraparenchymal cyst location.

CONCLUSION. Laparoscopic methods provide better results compared to puncture sclerosing technique: the frequency of intraoperative complications is significantly lower (RR 0.26 (0.07–1.02), P=0.055), relapses after 6–36 months – 2.04 % and 18.1 %, respectively (P=0.044), the length of hospital stay was 10.0 ± 0.3 and 14.0±0.5 days, respectively (P <0.05). 

OBJECTIVE. To investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (URS) treatment of upper ureteric stones between 10 to 20 mm in size. From January 2020 to January 2023, 75 patients were treated for proximal ureteric calculus between using ESWL (n=40) & URS (n=35).

METHODS AND MATERIALS. Both groups were compared regarding operative time, success rate and complications who underwent treatment for proximal ureteric calculus of 10–20 mm in diameter. URS group was observed to have higher stone-free rate, compared to the ESWL group, 31 (88.6 %) vs 20 patients (50.0 %) (p<0.001).

RESULTS. URS treatment had a higher complication rate compared to the ESWL, 9 (25.7 %) vs 3(7.5 %) ;( p=0.032). Procedure time for URS was longer, compared to the ESWL, median (IQR) for URS vs ESWL were 78.0 (65.0, 100.0) vs 62.0 (48.0, 67.0) minutes; (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION. We conclude that URS has a better stone-free rate in comparison to a single session of ESWL for upper ureteral calculus of 10–20 mm, with higher complication rates such as post-operative fever and pain.

A clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with a giant aneurysm of the left carotid artery and an aneurysm of the right carotid artery is presented.

A clinical case of examination and treatment of a 29-year-old female patient with type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia with calcitonin-secreting pancreatic tumors is presented. The difficulties of modern complex diagnostics are shown, as well as the effectiveness of multi-stage surgical tactics involving specialists of various profiles. The conducted laboratory and instrumental examination, which included the entire arsenal of high-tech methods, made it possible to timely diagnose a combined lesion of several endocrine organs. Based on the assessment of the functional activity of the identified tumors, the order of the stages of surgical treatment was substantiated. The implementation of the proposed surgical tactics contributed to the normalization of the patient’s hormonal status and improved quality of life.

Most of the swallowed foreign bodies pass through the gastrointenstinal tract (GIT) and only 1% of them are required surgery. Many authors have reported different cases of a foreign body migration deep into the layer of the gastrointestinal tract and their successful subsequent surgical treatment. However, there are some limited reports about the extraction of the embedded foreign bodies, when endoscopic techniques, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, are used. We present the case of a 70-years old patient who was performed full-thickness resection of a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor. According to upper endoscopy, the submucosal gastric antral tumor was suspected. During the preoperative examination, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endosonography and computed tomography were performed, but the nature of the formation was not determined. During the full-thickness resection, the embedded foreign body (a fish-bone) with the fistula around it was revealed and successfully extracted. This case demonstrates a rare pathological situation – the foreign body of the gastric wall, as well as the efficiency of flexible intraluminal endoscopy to extract it. 

Penetrating abdominal wounds occupy a significant place in the structure of gunshot injuries in peacetime and war. They are usually characterized by extensive multiorgan damage with the development of peritonitis, the course of which largely determines the outcome of treatment. Therefore, the main task in providing specialized surgical care for victims with gunshot abdominal wounds is to relieve peritonitis in order to prevent the generalization of the septic process. One of the modern trends in solving this problem is vacuum-assisted laparostomy. However, data on its use are presented in rare publications and are usually based on small samples of patients with secondary peritonitis. At the same time, we did not find any information in the available sources about the effectiveness of the most promising modification of this technique – vacuum-instillation laparostomy for gunshot abdominal wounds. This article demonstrates the first experience of the successful use of vacuum-instillation laparostomy in a patient with gunshot abdominal wound complicated by abdominal sepsis. The obtained results indicate the high potential of using this technique in this difficult category of patients.

Throughout the pandemic, a new coronavirus infection has led to the death of more than 6 million people worldwide. One of the most severe complications of this extremely dangerous infection is damage to the coronary vascular system caused by damage to the endothelium of the vessels, which leads to the development of thrombotic complications. They can occur in the basins of the brain, heart, in the splanchnic circulatory system, as well as in the vessels of the extremities, especially in conditions of concomitant atherosclerotic lesion. We present the case of treatment of an elderly patient with obliterating atherosclerosis and critical lower limb ischemia after a COVID-19 infection complicated by thrombosis of the femoral-popliteal shunt.

This article presents a clinical case of self-expandable metallic stent-SEMS placement in left-sided malignant colonic obstruction.

The formation of low colorectal and coloanal anastomoses after low anterior and abdominal-anal resection of the rectum has always been a significant problem in surgery. A loop protective ileostomy can reduce the consequences of anastomotic leakage, which reaches 23 %, and in some cases avoid repeated emergency surgery. However, ileostomy also has negative consequences, such as the need for repeated surgery to eliminate the ileostomy, parastomal complications, large stoma losses, and low quality of life. A virtual ileostomy or “ghost ileostomy” has been proposed to avoid the unnecessary creation of the loop ileostomy. The article presents literature data on the use of virtual ileostomy for resection interventions on the rectum with the formation of a low colorectal anastomosis. According to most authors, the virtual ileostomy technique allows not only to avoid the unnecessary formation of the loop ileostomy, but also in the anastomotic leakage, it ensures the urgent application of the loop ileostomy in minimally invasive manner, without relaparotomy.

2024 marks the 125th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding surgeon, scientist, teacher and public figure, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Nikolai Ilyich Blinov. N. I. Blinov was born on February 18, 1899 in Uglich, Yaroslavl province. In 1924, he completed his studies at the Petrograd State Institute of Medical Knowledge (GIMZ) and was left as a resident at the Department of General Surgery. From 1927 to 1931, N. I. Blinov worked as a surgical resident at the Institute of Surgical Tuberculosis. In 1932, he was appointed the head of the serological laboratory at the Research Institute of Blood Transfusion. According to the totality of scientific works, in 1935, N. I. Blinov was awarded the degree of candidate of medical sciences, and a year later, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “The doctrine of blood groups and its significance in the clinic”. In 1939, he was elected the associate professor of the Surgical clinic No. 2 of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training. During the Great Patriotic War, he was the chief surgeon of several hospitals in besieged Leningrad; he continued to work in the State Institute for Advanced Medical Training for the training of medical personnel. In 1951, he was elected the professor of the surgical clinic No. 2 of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training, and since 1952 – Head of the Department of General Surgery of the Leningrad State Institute for Advanced Medical Training and headed it until 1968. In the period from 1954 to 1959, he served as director of the State Institute for Advanced Medical Training. He is the author of more than 200 scientific papers; 2 doctoral and 20 PhD theses have been defended under his supervision. N.I. Blinov paid great attention to public activities, was elected the member of the Leningrad City Council of Workers’ Deputies, the deputy of the Smolninsky district Council of Workers’ Deputies. He was awarded orders and medals of the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1967). He retired in September 1968. He died on April 15, 1971. He was buried at the Bolsheokhtinsky cemetery in St. Petersburg.