An outstanding Russian scientist, a major specialist in the field of thoracic and cardiac surgery, Anatoly Panteleimonovich Kolesov was born on July 5, 1924 in Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude). In 1941, he graduated with honors from school ¹ 15 in Kiev. With the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, he volunteered for the Western Front, where he served as an interpreter for the intelligence department until 1942. In 1942, he was sent to study at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, which he graduated with a gold medal in 1947. After graduating from the Academy, he was enrolled in the postgraduate program at the Department of Faculty Surgery ¹ 2. In 1950, he defended his candidate’s dissertation «The Origin, the Development, and the Recognition of Some Forms of Bronchiectasis». In 1951, he was sent on a business trip to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. In 1956, he defended his doctoral dissertation «Some Issues of Treating Gunshot Fractures with the Use of Antibiotics». In USSR, he was one of the first to perform economical lung resections (including bilateral ones) for bronchiectasis, heart surgery under hypothermia, and then artificial circulation. From 1963 to 1986, he headed the Department of Surgery for Advanced Medical Studies ¹ 1, which was named after P. A. Kupriyanov in 1965. During his leadership, the department became one of the leading medical institutions in the country for the treatment of cardiac surgery patients. Anatoly Panteleimonovich Kolesov died on June 17, 1987 and was buried at the Bogoslovskoye Cemetery in Leningrad. In memory of this outstanding scientist, a memorial plaque was installed on the wall of the clinic where he worked in 1988.

The OBJECTIVE was to reduce the risk of complications and mortality after pleuropneumonectomy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pleural empyema.
METODS AND MATERIALS. The immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 910 patients who underwent pneumonectomy between 1984 and 2021. Among these, 342 patients (37.6 %) underwent pleuropneu- monectomy (Group I), while 568 patients (62.4 %) underwent pneumonectomy (Group II). Group I was further divided into two subgroups. Subgroup Ia consisted of 278 patients (main group) who received stump-free suturing of the main bronchus according to D. B. Giller’s method, long-term drainage management of the pleural cavity using an original technique, and the proposed staged surgical tactics. Subgroup Ib comprised 64 patients who were treated using traditional methods for the main bronchus and puncture management of the pleural cavity.
RESULTS. Postoperative complications were more frequent after pleuropneumonectomy (PPE); however, the mortality rate in Subgroup Ia and Group II did not significantly differ. In contrast, the hospital mortality rate in Subgroup Ib, which utilized traditional approaches for the treatment of the main bronchus and puncture management of the pleural cavity, was 2.3 times higher than the mortality rate after pneumonectomy (PE). The incidence of complications, mortality, recurrence of tuberculosis, and empyema differed significantly between Subgroups Ia and Ib, with the best outcomes observed in Subgroup Ia. These results are attributed to the applied method of treating the main bronchus, pleural cavity management, and differentiated surgical tactics.

The OBJECTIVE was to develop a classification of isolated occlusive stenotic lesion (OSL) of the internal iliac artery (IIA) based on the analysis of pelvic arteriography data.
METHODS AND MATERIALS. The retrospective study included 90 patients (mean age 64.6±7.4 years) who underwent pelvic catheter arteriography and were diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral hemodynamically significant (stenosis >50% or occlusion) occlusive stenotic lesion (OSL) of the internal iliac artery (IIA). An analysis of the branching pattern of the IIA according to the Yamaki classification and an assessment of the degree and prevalence of lesion to its basin, including three arterial segments, were carried out.
RESULTS. Among 158 (88%) IIA with hemodynamically significant patency disorder in 90 (57%) IIAs, the isolated OSL were identified, and its three types were identified: I (n=29) – local hemodynamically significant OSL in one arterial segment of the IIA basin; II (n=44) – diffuse hemodynamically significant OSL in several arterial segments with partial preservation of contrasted lumen of the trunk and/or branches of the IIA; III (n=17) – chronic occlusion with lack of contrasting of the trunk and branches of the IIA. Branching types «A» and «B» according to Yamaki classification were identified in 47 (52 %) and 7 (8 %) cases, respectively. It was not possible to reliably establish the branching variant of 36 (40 %) IIAs, in the vast majority of cases due to the prevalence of lesions in its basin (belonged to types II and III). A satisfactory level of agreement between two vascular surgeons on the application of the proposed classification was established.
CONCLUSION. The proposed classification allows assessing the prevalence of occlusive stenotic lesion of the internal iliac artery, which may be important when choosing tactics and predicting the results of surgical treatment of such patients; further study of the possibility of its use in clinical practice is necessary.

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results of integral suture application and to determine the indications for its use in eTEP hernioplasty for primary rectal inguinal hernia in men.
METHODS AND MATERIALS. A prospective single-center double-blind randomized controlled study on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital named after S. S. Yudin was conducted. The study included patients with the first-diagnosed direct inguinal hernias for eTEP hernioplasty with hernia gate size from 1.5 cm to 3 cm corresponding to MP2 according to EHS (2009). Patients were allocated to a comparison group with hernia defect closure and a control group using the ALEA randomization program. The following parameters were evaluated in patients: the presence of seroma on the 1st day after laparoscopic hernioplasty according to the ultrasound results, the dynamics of seroma volume, the degree of pain syndrome according to the visual analog scale (VAS), the duration of surgical intervention, 30-day adverse events, as well as the patients’ quality of life according to the Likert scale.
RESULTS. A total of 142 patients were included (n1=71; n2=71). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Suturing the hernia defect using the integral suture technique was associated with less development of postoperative seromas ∆p=0.32 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.5, p=0.05). There were no statistical differences in pain and quality of life among patients. No 30-day adverse events were observed in the two groups. A statistically significant increase in the duration of the operation when using the integral suture was revealed, but not more than 7 minutes.
CONCLUSION. Since anatomical justification has made laparoscopic hernioplasty a safer operation, we believe that endoscopic suturing of rectal inguinal hernia defect larger than 2.5 cm (P=0.052) with the use of integral suture in the MP2 group according to EHS is associated with a lower incidence of seroma development, low risk of recurrence, absence of significant pain syndrome after suturing.

Damage of hepatic arteries with the formation of arteriobiliary fistula is a life-threatening consequence of liver injuries and traumas. A clinical observation of successful application of endovascular technologies in the treatment of arteriobiliary fistula is presented.

There is a case report of two years medical history from the moment of acute pancreonecrosis to reconstructive operation (pancreatodigestive anastomosis) of the patient 56 years old. We showed the ability to use criteria about the depth and configuration of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis to prognose late complications. Underestimation of deep parenchymal necrosis in the pancreatic neck and body, high -amylase activity for diagnosis of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome, unjustified drainage removal in external pancreatic fistula led to pseudocyst formation. Pseudocyst progression, erosion of mesenteric vessel with bleeding into the cyst cavity with its subsequent rupture and intra-abdominal bleeding 1 developed a year after acute pancreatitis. The need to perform intervention was the reason why reconstructive operation was delayed for a long time.

Human echinococcosis, being a severe parasitic disease that affects almost any organs and tissues of the human body, has been known since ancient times. Cystic echinococcosis is the most common form of echinococcosis. It is an endemic zoonosis caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of the tapeworm E. granulosus. The localization of echinococcal cysts in the human body can be varied. In some cases, only one organ is affected, in others – several. Cysts can be multiple or single. The most common sites of hydatid cysts are the liver (60–70 %) and lungs (20 %), less commonly the parasites affect the spleen, kidneys, brain, heart and other organs, including bones.During surgical treatment, various methods are used to achieve the best result for the patient, with or without drug therapy. The literature we have studied provides isolated data on rare forms of echinococcosis. A clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with a very rare localization of echinococcosis in the muscles of the right thigh is presented.

A systematic review of the data of domestic and foreign literature on the treatment of myasthenia was carried out. Special attention was paid to indications for thymectomy and its effect depending on various prognostic factors. Pubmed, Elibrary, UpToDate databases were used to search for sources. Based on the analysis of literary sources, data on the treatment of myasthenia in tumor and non-tumor pathology of the thymus gland was presented; indications for surgical treatment were clarified. A brief historical review of the use of the surgical method in patients with myasthenia was carried out. The methods of conservative treatment were described. Attention was paid to current trends in surgical approaches for myasthenia as well as repeated operations for refractory course of myasthenia.
Minimally invasive thymectomy is a pathogenetically justified, modern, safe and reproducible treatment option for patients with thymic and non-thymic myasthenia.

INTRODUCTION. Such reconstructive operations on the aortic root as the David and Florida Sleeve procedures are fundamentally different in prosthetics of the aortic root with reimplantation of the ostiums of the coronary arteries into the prosthesis during David surgery and preservation of all native structures of the aortic root without reimplantation of the ostiums of the coronary arteries during Florida Sleeve surgery. Both procedures effectively reduce the dilated aortic ring, however, the Florida Sleeve procedure is performed much less frequently than the David procedure.
The OBJECTIVE was to study and analyze literature sources that present a comparison of the results of valve-preserving Florida Sleeve and David procedures.
METHODS AND MATERIALS. A search was conducted in PubMed and e-library databases from 2005 to 12.06.2023 for search queries. The studies were selected according to the PRISMA algorithm.
RESULTS. According to the results of search queries, 18 articles were found, 2 articles satisfying the selection criteria were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis was not carried out due to the pronounced heterogeneity of the data. In both studies, a statistically significant shorter time of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic occlusion takes when performing Florida Sleeve compared to David procedure. Short-term and long-term 5-year results of operations did not show statistically significant difference.

A prominent Russian surgeon, talented scientist and teacher, one of the founders of the development of thoracic surgery in the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1965), Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Valery Ivanovich Kazansky was born on October 14, 1894 in the village of Turgenevo, Tula Governorate, into a priest’s family. After graduating from the Tula Gymnasium with a medal, he entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy, which he graduated from in 1919. For two years, he served as a military doctor in the Red Army on the Eastern Front. After demobilization, he worked in the People’s Commissariat of Public Health, from 1925 to 1934, he headed the Surgical Department at the Hospital in Turtkul, and then in Chardzhou (Turkmenistan). In 1935, V. I. Kazansky transferred to work at the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute in the Clinic of Professor S. I. Spasokukotsky and simultaneously headed the Surgical Clinic of the Central Institute of Blood Transfusion (until 1947). In 1938, he defended his doctoral dissertation “Spontaneous non-tuberculous pyopneumothorax and its treatment”. During the Great Patriotic War, V. I. Kazansky was the consultant to the Northwestern and Western Fronts on blood transfusion issues, worked as the Professor-consultant at the Hospital of the Ministry of Railways, which specifically admitted victims with gunshot wounds to the chest. At the same time, from 1943, he served as the chief surgeon of the Moscow Department of Health, and from 1946 to the end of 1952, he held the position of chief oncologist of the USSR Ministry of Health. In 1953, he was elected the head of the Surgery Department of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training. For 30 years, V. I. Kazansky studied the problem of treating patients with esophageal cancer and for numerous works, including three monographs, he was awarded the N. N. Burdenko Prize. In 1973, the fundamental monograph “Surgery of Esophageal Cancer” was published. Valery Ivanovich was the author and co-author of about 200 scientific works, including 10 monographs, under his supervision 32 candidate and 8 doctoral dissertations were defended. Professor V. I. Kazansky died on March 30, 1978 and was buried in Moscow at the Nikolo-Arkhangelskoye Cemetery.